research on addiction

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Khaledian M, Hassanvand B. Causes and Influencing Factors of Craving without Lapse in Individuals Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Research on Addiction 2026; 19 (78) :129-148
URL: http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-3228-en.html

Objective: The present study was conducted to identify the causes and influential factors contributing to craving without relapse among individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Method: This was a qualitative study utilizing a grounded theory approach. The study population consisted of all individuals with a minimum three-year history of substance use who referred to the Nikoo-Salamat addiction treatment clinic in Qorveh county in 2024. Participants were required to have been in a period of abstinence through methadone therapy for at least six months, with no substance use other than methadone during this period. According to self-reports, these individuals experienced craving without relapse at least once a week. Sampling was conducted using a purposive theoretical sampling method. Data saturation was achieved with a sample size of 16 participants, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The factors influencing craving without lapse were identified as predisposing factors (comprising physical, psychological, and interpersonal elements), precipitating factors (involving family factors), perpetuating factors (encompassing social, cultural, and environmental influences), and stabilizing factors (consisting of treatment-related variables and lifestyle patterns). Conclusion: The findings suggest that while craving is a natural phenomenon in the recovery process, a lapse is an aberrant event that complicates the path to healing. By identifying the factors contributing to both craving without lapse and craving with lapse, effective preventive measures can be formulated to facilitate successful treatment, long-term recovery, and relapse prevention.