@article{ author = {KhaliliSadrAbad, A and Sohrabi, F and Sa'dipour, E and Delavar, A and Khoshnevisan, Z}, title = {On the Development of Social-Educational Immunization Program with the Approach of Islamic Teachings and its Impact on Students\' High-Risk Behaviors}, abstract ={Objective: The present study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of the training of social-educational immunization program with the Islamic teachings approach in school students' high-risk behaviors. Method: This research was carried out through a quasi-experimental and pre-test-posttest with control group research design. The statistical population of this study included the third-year students of public high schools in Yazd in the academic year of 2014-15. The research sample consisted of 36 students with high-risk behaviors. The participants were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. High-Risk Behaviors Scale was used for data collection purposes. Results: The results of this study showed that the training of social-educational immunization program based on the Islamic teachings approach can reduce the high-risk behaviors among adolescents. Conclusion: The training of social-educational immunization program with the Islamic teachings approach can be used as an intervention to reduce students' high-risk behaviors.}, Keywords = {social-educational immunization, Islamic teachings, high-risk behaviors, adolescents}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {11-26}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-851-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-851-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {javadi, MH and Pilevari, A}, title = {Reflections of Homeless Substance Users\' Living Experience: Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Aim: Substance abuse is recognized as a major health problem among the homeless. People who cycle in and out of homelessness tend to cycle in and out of alcohol and drug abuse. The relationship between substance abuse and homelessness requires that they are treated simultaneously and not independently. Although there is an increase in public interest concerning the homeless population, research on the issues of homelessness has been fragmented and incomplete. Research is necessary to understand substance abuse among the homeless so that prevention and intervention measures can be developed and implemented. The aim of this study was to describe a homeless population’s lived experience with substance abuse and to better understand factors that effect to substance abuse treatment among the homeless. Method: This paper fulfilled by the method of grounded theory. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 20 men who participating in Project of rehabilitation of drug user (1393). Data from the interviews were analyzed by theoretical coding. Finding: Categories that emerged from the data included: experience of ‌‌‌rejection from family and friends, traumatic experience, negative feelings and emotions, social isolation, social apathy, loss welfare –education infra-structure. Discussion: Homeless population's lived experience with substance abuse show that treatment for this group is very different with addicts that they lived with family.  }, Keywords = {Lived experience, addiction, homelessness, social rejection}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {27-48}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1181-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1181-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Soltaninejad, A and Barshan, A and Dortajsani, S and Anaraki, MR and Saberi, R}, title = {On the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Self-Acceptance Group Therapy by Dryden Method with Teachings of Narcotics Anonymous Groups (NA) in Addicts\' Mental Health in Kerman City}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-acceptance group therapy by Dryden method with the teachings of NA groups in addicts' mental health. Method: A semi-experimental research design with unequal groups was used for the conduct of this study. In group therapy section, 21 participants were voluntarily selected as the sample units and received 10 group therapy sessions with self-acceptance approach. In NA group, 27 participants were voluntarily selected as the sample units and received the teachings for six months. Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ28)  was used to collect data. Results: The results showed that teachings of NA groups were more effective in addicts' mental health and the reduction of physical and depression symptoms compared to self-acceptance group therapy by Dryden's approach. Conclusion: In comparison to group therapy, the teachings of NA groups are more effective in the treatment of physical and depression symptoms and the improvement of mental health in addicts due to the creation of a sense of empathy and freedom of selection.  }, Keywords = {self-acceptance group therapy, NA, mental health, men}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {49-63}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-978-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-978-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Makkizadeh, F and Hazery, A}, title = {Thematic Map of Articles Pertaining to Addiction Using Social Network Analysis in MEDLINE Database}, abstract ={Objective: With graphical mapping of a scientific field, it is facilitated to better and more accurately identify that branch of human knowledge and convert its abstract concept to a more objective concept. The aim of this study is to draw the thematic map of addiction articles. Method: The present study was carried out with a scientific approach and falls within the category of applied research. The descriptors of the related articles were extracted with a search for the term «behavior, addictive» in the subject heading "mesh" of the PubMed website in the period of 2005 to 2014. The data analysis and map drawing were conducted by using Ucinet, Netdraw, and Ravar Matrix software. Results: The growth of scientific production in the field of addiction has witnessed an increasing trend throughout the period of the study. Considering the centrality indices, such concepts as disorders pertaining to substance abuse, smoking, tobacco, and so on are the most frequently used topics in this field. Conclusion: The use of social network analysis indices in the analysis of scientific maps is effective. The new knowledge and insight gained through the analysis of thematic maps are of great help to policy-makers in this filed to make appropriate decisions for the promotion of scholarly products.  }, Keywords = {thematic map, addiction, co-word analysis, social network analysis, MEDLINE database}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {65-84}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1133-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1133-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Naemi, AM and tajabad, T}, title = {The Impact of Group Training of Substance Abuse Complications on Attitude to Addiction among Female High School Students with an Addicted Parent (Case Study)}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group training about drug of substance abuse complications on female high school students' attitudes with an addicted parent in Sheshtamad (Sabzevar). Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pretest-posttest and control group was used for the conduct of this study. The number of 84 female high school students with one addicted parent in Sheshtamad city in 2015 constituted the statistical population of this study. From among this population, 60 participants were selected through random sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received group training program for 8 sessions and the control group received no treatment. The required data were collected through Attitude toward Addiction Questionnaire. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that group training had a significant positive effect on attitude to addiction components in female students with an addicted parent (P<0.01). Conclusion: Since group training of substance abuse complications led to the emergence of negative attitudes to addiction among female students with an addicted parent, it seems necessary to assign credit to these educational programs in high schools and universities.    }, Keywords = {group training, attitude, addiction, female students}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {85-101}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1399-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1399-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rashidi, AR and Mohseni, Z and Golmohammadian, M}, title = {On the Role of Family Emotional Atmosphere, Perception of parenting Styles, Family Communication Patterns and Perceived Social Support in Predicting the Abuse of Industrial Psychoactive Substances in Students}, abstract ={Objective: The current study was an attempt to examine the role of family emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns, and perceived social support in predicting the abuse of industrial psychoactive substances in students. Method: The statistical population of this study included all male students in Bachelor and Master's programs in Razi university of Kermanshah in the academic year of 2014-15. The number of 400 students was selected by cluster sampling. The data collection instruments consisted of Family Emotional Atmosphere Questionnaire, Perception of Parenting Styles Scale, and Family communication Patterns and Social Support Perception. discriminant analysis in simultaneous and stepwise modes was used for data analysis. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the liner combination of family emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns and perceived social was a good predictor of the abuse of industrial psychoactive substances in students. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the importance of family emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns and social support perception in substance abuse.  }, Keywords = {Family Emotional atmosphere, perception of parenting styles, family communication patterns, social support perception, substance abuse}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {103-123}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-957-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-957-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khanbabaie, R and Morovati, Z and Heidari, M}, title = {Assessment of the Conceptual Model of Important Antecedents and Aftermaths of Addiction Treatment Centers in Zanjan}, abstract ={Objective: The present study was an attempt to evaluate the conceptual model of the important antecedents and aftermath of addiction in the patients presenting to treatment centers in Zanjan. Method: In this study, 250 addicted men constituted the participants who  were selected by random sampling from the addicts presenting to treatment centers in Zanjan. The instruments used in this study were Baumrind's Parenting Style Inventory, Phillips et al.'s Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) Scale, NEO Personality Inventory, Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scales, World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Assessment Instrument, Ryff's Psychological Well-being, and the Researcher-Constructed Substance Use Assessment Scale.The proposed model of the relationships between variables was tested using structural equation modeling. Results: The proposed model was assessed using structural equation modeling. Bootstrap Test (AMOS) was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Based on the results of this study, the proposed model had an acceptable fitness. The results also showed that the antecedents (parenting styles, social support, and personality traits) have a significant impact on young adults' addiction; moreover, addiction was found to have an effect on quality of life and psychological well-being among young adults. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, the research hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion: According to the research findings, significant attention should be assigned to the development of educational and health programs as well as appropriate parenting styles in order to modify and enhance personality traits. In addition, happiness training in life can be an effective step in preventing and controlling addiction.  }, Keywords = {parenting styles, social support, personality traits, quality of life, psychological well-being, addiction}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {125-152}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1295-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1295-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, M and Lavasani, MGhA and Fathabadi, J}, title = {On the Comparison of Behavioral Activation/Inhibitory System and Temperament and Character between Addicted and Non-addicted Persons}, abstract ={Objective: This study was aimed to compare the behavioral activation/inhibition system and temperament and character between addicted and non-addicted people. Method: A descriptive research design along with a causal-comparative method was used for the conduct of this research. The research population consisted of all dependent and non-dependent men living in Kish Island, among whom 200 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were gathered using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioral activation system, fun seeking, and reward dependence, while there was only a significant difference between the groups in Drive and inhibition system (P <0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of harm avoidance and self-directedness (P <0.01). The results did not show any significant differences between the two groups in terms of novelty seeking, persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. Conclusion: Substance dependent individuals have a weaker behavioral system than non-addicted subjects. However, unlike previous studies, the drive sensitivity in non-addicted individuals was obtained higher than those addicts in this study. High levels of harm avoidance and low self-directedness affect the severity of addiction in drug dependent people. Regarding the sample large size of this study in comparison with previous studies and the homogeneity of the research sample, the conduct of similar research is needed to achieve more clear results.}, Keywords = {Behavioral Activation/Inhibitory System, temperament and mood, addicted people, non-addicted people}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {153-172}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-546-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-546-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jebraeili, H and Moradi, AR and Habibi, M}, title = {Examining the Mediating Role of Emotional Dysregulation in the Relationship between Impulsivity Personality Trait and Consumption & Multiple Consumption of Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco}, abstract ={Objective: Considering the importance of identifying the factors effective in substance use for the design of some interventions on addiction prevention and treatment, the present study aimed at examining the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between impulsivity personality trait and consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. Method: The number of 352 subjects was selected through convinince sampling method from among the 18-to-60-year-old population of Tehran city and were assessed by means of UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and researcher-constructed questionnaires on substance use. The data were analyzed through correlation tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS and Mplus software. Results: The results of this study showed that impulsivity dimensions and emotional dysregulation had a significant correlation with consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. The proposed model had a good fitness index with the data; however, the effect of emotional dysregulation on substance use was not statistically significant. Sensation seeking (β=0.42, P<0.01) and lack of premeditation (β=0.46, P<0.01) had a significant effect on substance use; and lack of premeditation (β=-0.27, P<0.01), negative urgency (β=0.83, P<0.01), and lack of perseverance (β=0.13, P<0.05) had a significant effect on emotional dysregulation. Conclusion: Although both impulsivity dimensions and emotional dysregulation had a significant correlation with consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, when they were used in one model, the impulsivity dimensions had a stranger effect on substance use and played a more prominent role in the anticipation of substance use.  }, Keywords = {emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, sensation seeking, substance use, urgency}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {173-190}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1419-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1419-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Borhani, A and Moradi, AR and Mirany, R}, title = {The Effectiveness of cognitive emotion-regulation Strategies in the Improvement of Executive Functions in Addicts Recovered in Drug Information Centers (DICs)}, abstract ={Objective: The current study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies in the improvement of executive functions in addicts recovered in drug information centers (DICs). Method: An experimental research design along with pretest-posttest/follow-up and control group was used for the conduct of this study. The sample size of the study consisted of 24 male addicts recovered in Drug Information Centers in Karaj city who were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received Gross Emotion Regulation Strategies for ten sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the project.  Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used for data collection and multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The results of this study showed that the training of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies led to the promotion of executive functions in the experimental group. Conclusion: Training of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies has useful implications for the treatment and prevention of addiction relapse.  }, Keywords = {cognitive emotion-regulation, executive functions, addiction, harm reduction centers}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {191-205}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1231-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1231-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rezaee, M and Bigdeli, I and MakvandHosseini, Sh}, title = {Effectiveness of Goal Management Training on Sustained Attention Prospective Memory, and Response Inhibition in Chronic Methamphetamine Users in the Early Abstinence Period}, abstract ={Objective: The current research was conducted to investigating the effectiveness of Goal Management Training (GMT) in the improvement of sustained attention, prospective memory, and response inhibition in methamphetamine abusers. Method: In a quasi-experimental study, 40 methamphetamine abusers who were in their early recovery period were selected through random cluster sampling method. They were then randomly assigned into two groups, goal management training plus pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy. In order to assess sustained attention, prospective memory and response inhibition, the researchers used Continuous Performance Test, Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and Stroop Color and Word Test. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results of the data analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of all components of sustained attention and prospective memory (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that goal management training significantly improves sustained attention, response inhibition, and prospective memory in former methamphetamine abusers. These findings suggest the influence of neuropsychological rehabilitations on addiction treatment among methamphetamine users.  }, Keywords = {methamphetamine, goal management training, sustained attention, prospective memory, inhibition response}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {207-226}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1262-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1262-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AbdoliSoltanahmadi, J and AmaniSaribaghlo, J and Kazemzadehbeytali, M}, title = {Factors Effective in Drug Abuse from the Perspective of University Students: Application of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps}, abstract ={Objective: This study is an attempt to examine the factors influencing drug use from the perspective of university students through fuzzy cognitive maps. Method: The number of 20 Master's students in Islamic Azad University of Urmia constituted the participants of this study. They responded to a questionnaire consisting of 30 fuzzy items. Results: The results of this study showed that the unemployment rate with the outer degree of 1.53 is the most effective variable in other variables. Family members' addiction with the outer degree of 1.08 and deviant peers with the outer degree of 0.70 were the next effective factors in the model. On the other hand, the inner degree index showed that addiction with the inner degree of 7.03 was the factor that was influenced to the greatest extent by the other available factors in the map. In this regard, deviant peers with the inner degree of 1.37 and hope for the future with the inner degree of 0.72 were placed in the second and third in terms of the degree of the effect they received from the other factors. The results also showed that when students are unemployed, they will be more likely to turn to deviant peers to spend leisure time and, consequently, they will be susceptible to be trapped in substance use. Conclusion: These findings have important implications in regard to the assignment of attention to the factors contributing to drug abuse among students and the development of necessary measures to prevent students' tendency to social problems, especially drug use.  }, Keywords = {drug abuse, fuzzy cognitive maps}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {227-246}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1296-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1296-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SadriDamirchi, E and KianiChalmari, AR}, title = {On the Effectiveness of Behavioral Counselling in the Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors and the Improvement of Quality of Life and Control of Craving Beliefs among Individuals with Substance Abuse Disorders}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral counseling in the decrease of high-risk behaviors in the promotion of quality of life and control of craving beliefs in substance abusers. Method: A quasi-experimental method along with pretest/posttest design and control group was used for the conduct of this research. The research sample consisted of 40 males in the age range 20 to 45 years with substance abuse disorder who were selected through criterion-based sampling method and were randomly assigned in two groups, i.e. experimental group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Then, the behavioral counseling program for reducing high-risk behaviors was administered to the experimental group for 12 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. For data collection purposes, Craving Beliefs Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire were used. Results: The results showed that behavioral counseling  on the decrease of high-risk behaviors has had a significant effect on the promotion of life quality and the improvement of craving beliefs in experimental group. Moreover, the effectiveness of this method in the one-and-a-half follow-up held a relative stability. Conclusion: Behavioral counseling on the reduction of high-risk behaviors is an effective method in the control and treatment of drug dependent people and can be used as a psychological intervention program in addiction treatment centers.  }, Keywords = {behavioral counseling, addiction, high-risk behaviors, quality of life, craving beliefs, drug dependence}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {247-263}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-918-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-918-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, M and Sohrabi, F}, title = {On the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Medicinal and Cognitive-Behavioral Rehabilitation Approaches in Spouses\' Adjustment in Families Volunteer for Abstinence}, abstract ={Objective: The present study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of medicinal and cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation approaches in the adjustment rate of the families seeking rehabilitation. In this study, a quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group was employed. Method: The statistical population of this study included all the patients presenting to Tehran’s rehabilitation centers in 2014. The search sample consisted of 30 participants who were selected through purposive sampling and were selectively assigned into three 10-participant groups. The two experimental groups were treated by medicinal and cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation approaches, and the control group awaited the treatment. Twelve weeks after the intervention, all the participants were evaluated through Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976). Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that both treatment approaches were effective in the individuals’ adjustment rate (P<0.001) while cognitive-behavioral approach was more effective than the medicinal one. Conclusion: Psychological treatments are effective methods for treatment of disorders and can replace medicinal therapies.  }, Keywords = {cognitive-behavioral treatment approach, medicinal treatment approach, rehabilitation volunteers}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {265-280}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-747-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-747-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Naghibi, H and Khazaei, O and Khazaei, F and RanjbarSudejani, Y}, title = {On the Effectiveness of Group Therapy with Transactional Analysis (TA) Approach in the Reduction of Addiction Severity among Female Patients under Methadone Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: The current study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy with transactional analysis (TA) approach in the reduction of addiction severity among female patients under methadone treatment. Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pretest-posttest and control group was used in this study. The statistical population of this research consisted of all female drug addicts presenting to one of the addiction treatment centers in Mashhad city in 2016. From among this population, a total of 40 female patients undergoing methadone treatment were selected via purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Addiction Severity Index and demographic characteristics questionnaire were the instruments used in this study for data collection purposes. The group therapy intervention with transactional analysis was administered to the experimental group for 10 two-hour sessions (one session per week). Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the severity of addiction (P <0.001). In the same way, the analysis of each variable showed that the difference between the two groups was significant in terms of psychiatric status, drug use, and alcohol consumption (P <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that group therapy with transactional analysis approach is effective in reducing the addictive severity in women undergoing methadone treatment.  }, Keywords = {transactional analysis, addiction severity, methadone}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {281-298}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1176-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1176-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Afzali, Rasool and Sarami, HR and Rahmani, H and Rahmaniasl, M}, title = {On the Effectiveness of Media Actions in Fight against Narcotics in Iran}, abstract ={Objective: Informing and demonstrating the harmful and negative consequences of narcotics is an effective way to reduce this problem. Today, the education and prevention of addiction have become easier due to the development of mass communication technologies and their effectiveness. Media is a suitable tool for education, awareness raising, and public participation in preventing addiction. Over the past years, the media have become widespread in this regard. The current study sought to answer the question of how effective the various media actions in the field of control and prevention of addiction have been. Method: The research method in this paper was descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection was of a survey type. The statistical population of this study included the total population of the country. A multi-stage cluster sampling was used for sampling. Results: The results of this research showed that the effectiveness of media actions has been weak. This weakness is more evident in areas where drug use is more prevalent. The higher effectiveness and efficiency of the media belonged to TV, internet sites, newspapers, and radio, respectively. The media in this area were more targeted at informing purposes, while educational and training goals were less important. The focus of the media has been on youth age groups, children, and adolescents. Conclusion: Generally, people held very little satisfaction with the effectiveness of various media actions.}, Keywords = {narcotic drugs, media actions, addiction, prevention, Iran}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {9-30}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1413-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1413-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {koohi, kamal and ghlizadeh, sogr}, title = {Modeling of the Causes of Students\' Tendency to Drug Use via LISREL Software}, abstract ={Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of modeling the causes of students' tendency to drugs use by means of LLISREL software. Method: This study was carried out as a survey research wherein the number of 220 female students was selected as the participants through stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through questionnaire. Results: The hypothesis testing results show that the female students' desire for drug use was the same based on education level, parental employment status, and academic discipline; and the observed difference was not significant. In addition, the results of the structural model indicate that religiosity, social capital, family disputes, and social alienation can explain nearly 31% of the variations of female students' desire for drug use. Religiosity and social capital had a negative impact but social alienation and family disputes had a positive effect on female students' desire for drug use. Conclusion: Family disputes and social alienation provide the grounds for the increased desire female students for drug use while social capital and religiosity prevent the increased desire of female students for drug use.  }, Keywords = {tendency to drug use, family disputes, social alienation, social capital, religiosity}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {31-51}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1155-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1155-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Eslami, B and Talebi, MA and MahdiopourKhorasani, M and ZakeriHamaneh, H and Kazemi, A}, title = {The Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Actions Taken by Clinics, Camps, and NA Groups and Development of an Effective Model for Addiction Prevention and Reduction}, abstract ={Objective: The current study was an attempt to conduct a comparative evaluation of the success of the actions and measures taken by clinics, camps, and NA groups, and also to develop an efficient model for the prevention and reduction of drug addiction. Method: For this purpose, 150 addicted people (40 men and 10 women) from clinics, camps, and NA groups were qualitatively studied using in-depth interviews. Results: The findings of the present study showed that all the activities of clinics, camps, and NA groups have some strengths and weaknesses. Conclusion: As a result, both dry and methadone treatments should be considered in addiction treatment. In both treatment methods, the continuous relations of addicts with their family requires their participation in activities of the rehabilitation center, and the creation of a sense of security, and employment.}, Keywords = {addiction, clinic, camp, NA, model}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {53-70}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-855-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-855-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shalchi, B and Tangestanizadeh, F and ParnianKhoy, M and YaghoutiAzari, Sh}, title = {The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Socioeconomic Status with Vulnerability to Addiction in University Students: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence and socioeconomic status with vulnerability to addiction with the mediating role of basic psychological needs among university students.  Method: In this study, which falls within the category of correlational studies, 400 students from Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University were selected using cluster sampling method. Then, they answered Identifying People in Risk of Addiction Questionnaire, Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that vulnerability to addiction had a significant negative correlation with emotional intelligence and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The proposed model had a good fit with the data. Conclusion: The dimensions of emotional intelligence and socioeconomic status can explain vulnerability to addiction in university students because of their facilitative role in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and, thereby, attention to this matter can lead to the proposal of some recommendations for addiction prevention and treatment.  }, Keywords = {emotional intelligence, socioeconomic status, vulnerability to addiction, basic psychological needs, university students}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {71-92}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1195-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1195-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, J and Beheshti, B and Alizadeh, J}, title = {The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy in Relapse Prevention, Reduction of Impulsiveness, and Decrease of Craving in Treated Stimulant Users}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hypnosis therapy in relapse prevention, reduction of impulsivity, and decline of craving in treated stimulant users. Method: In a semi-experimental design, a 40-patient group diagnosed by drug dependence was selected via convenience sampling method. They had undergone the detoxification stage and referred to addiction treatment centers. Then, they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received five 45-minute sessions of group hypnotherapy. The participants were evaluated through morphine test, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and Drug Craving Scale before and after the end of group therapy. The control group did not receive any training and just awaited treatment. Results: The results showed that hypnotherapy training was effective in relapse prevention, reduction of impulsivity, and reduction of craving for drugs. Conclusion: Hypnotherapy training can be used as an alternative treatment along with other psychological interventions in the treatment of drug dependence.}, Keywords = {hypnotherapy, relapse, impulsivity, stimulants}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {93-110}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1314-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1314-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hamednia, M and Panaghi, L and Habibi, M and Mokhtonnia, I}, title = {Causal Model of the Impact of Anxious-Avoidant Attachment on Addiction Potential with Mediating Role of Attitude to Drugs}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed at investigating the impact of anxious and avoidant attachment styles on addiction potential. Method: This was a correlational study. The population of this study included all Shahid Beheshti University students in Tehran where a 253-student sample was selected by convenience sampling method. In so doing, 253 students were selected through convenient sampling. The participants responded to Zargar's Addiction Potential Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and Drug Attitude Scale. Results: The results of path analysis indicated that parental avoidance and anxiety attachment styles had a significant positive relationship with attitude to drugs and addiction potential. Conclusion: In general, drug attitude can act as a mediator between attachment and addiction potential.}, Keywords = {attachment, drug use attitude, addiction potential}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {111-124}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1224-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1224-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Davoodi, F and MehrabizadehHonarmand, M and Hashemi, E}, title = {The Causal Relationship of Parenting Styles and Insecure Attachment Style with Addiction Potential under the Mediating Role of Personality Traits and Identity Styles in University Students}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of parenting styles and insecure attachment style with addiction potential under the mediating role of personality traits and identity styles in students of Shahid Chamran University. Method: This was a correlational study where 178 participants were selected by multistage random sampling method. Iranian addiction potential scale, Parenting Styles Scale, Insecure Attachment Style Scale (ambivalent/anxiety and avoidance), NEO Personality Inventory (neuroticism and openness to experience), and Identity Style Scale (diffusion and premature identity) constituted the data collection tools in this study. Results: The proposed model was tested using path analysis. To test the indirect correlates, Bootstrap test was used. The results indicated that the proposed model was well fitted with the data. Specifically, the results showed that permissive and authoritarian parenting styles and insecure attachment style had a significant direct effect and an indirect effect through neuroticism, openness, diffusion identity, and premature identity on addiction potential. Conclusion: It was concluded that both proximal factors (personality traits) and distal factors (identity and parenting styles) should be considered for the control and treatment of addiction.  }, Keywords = {addiction potential, parenting styles, insecure attachment style, personality traits, identity styles}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {125-140}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1158-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1158-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Moghanibashi-mansourieh, A and Fathi, M and BaratiSedeh, F and Eslamian, A}, title = {Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Compulsory Treatment Interventions in Addicts}, abstract ={Objective: The present research aimed at investigating the efficiency of interventions of compulsory addiction treatment. Method: The present study is descriptive and is considered as a systematic review or structured review based on its methodology. The statistical population of the study covers all research papers, studies, projects, and reports in Persian and English with regard to the evaluation and findings of compulsory treatment among substance abusers published from 2000 to 2015. Results: After reviewing the studies in databases, the number of eleven papers meeting the inclusive criteria was selected, 54.5% of which were from the U.S.A. These pieces of research indicated that the clients under compulsory treatment experienced more inappropriate conditions. A few of the studies reported that compulsory treatment improved physical and mental health and overall general health of the clients. Conclusion: The studies under review indicated that voluntary treatment had a better outcome than compulsory treatment, although it is recommended that more research be conducted with more appropriate methodologies for reliable decision-making.}, Keywords = {compulsory treatment, systematic review, addicts}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {141-160}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1089-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1089-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shamsodini, L and Towhidi, A and Askarizadeh, Gh}, title = {On the Causal Relationships of Attachment Styles, Loneliness, and Self-Esteem with Addiction Potential}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of the present research was to determine the fitness of the model of causal relationships of attachment styles, loneliness, and self-esteem with addiction potential. Method: The current research was a descriptive-correlational one. From among all universities in the city of Kerman, 596 students were selected via multistage cluster sampling method; and responded to Hazan and Shaver’s Adult Attachment Scale (AAS); DiTommaso, Brannen, and Best’s Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (short form); Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale; and Zargar’s Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS). Path analysis through AMOS software was used to evaluate the model. Results: The attained model enjoyed proper fit indexes. From among the variables, ambivalent attachment style has a direct and significant effect on addiction potential; however, it had a reverse and significant relationship through the mediation role of self-esteem. Conclusion: from among attachment styles, only    ambivalent attachment style has both a direct and an indirect relationship with addiction potential under the mediating role of loneliness and self-esteem.}, Keywords = {attachment styles, loneliness, self-esteem, addiction potential}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {161-180}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-982-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-982-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {GhodratiMirkoohi, M and Baldaran, N and Abdollahi, Gh}, title = {Prediction of Cognitive Flexibility in Methadone-Treated Patients based on Meta-Worry, Anxiety, and Duration and Amount of Methadone Use}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to predict cognitive flexibility based on meta-­worry, anxiety, duration and dose of methadone use. Method: The current research was a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population of this study included all male drug-dependents who were under methadone treatment in Qazvin in 2016. From among this population, 254 participants were selected via purposive sampling method and completed Wells's Meta-Worry Questionnaire (2005), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988), and Dennis and Vander Wal's Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010). Results: The results of step-wise multivariate regression method showed that meta-­worry and anxiety significantly predicted cognitive flexibility in men under methadone treatment (p <0.05). Also, during and dose of methadone could not predicting cognitive flexibility (p > 0/05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that meta-worry and anxiety have a negative significant correlation with cognitive flexibility. In this way, the high levels of meta-worry anxiety lead to low cognitive flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on metacognitive components for achieving high cognitive flexibility; in addition drug addicts under methadone maintenance treatment are recommended to use metacognitive therapy.}, Keywords = {methadone maintenance treatment, anxiety, meta-­worry, cognitive flexibility}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {181-196}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1373-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1373-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khalilzadeh, Nourollah and MikaeliMani,, F and IssaZadegan, A}, title = {On the Relationship of Emotional Regulation and Negative Affect with Craving for Drug Use with the Mediating Role of Depression}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship of emotional regulation and negative affect with craving for drug use with the mediating role of depression. Method: This study was a correlational and structural research. The statistical population of this study included all the addicts hospitalized in addiction treatment centers in West Azerbaijan Province who had been admitted to the centers during the second six months of 2012 (N = 526). The number of 216 participants was selected using convenience sampling method from the population and responded to the questionnaires of Behavioural Brain System, Negative Affectivity of PANAS, Emotional Regulation Difficulties, Beck Depression Scale, and Drug Craving Scale. Results: The results of structural correlation analysis showed that the standard coefficients of the paths of emotional regulation difficulties to craving (β = 0.62); emotional regulation difficulties to depression (β = 0.35); the path of negative affects to craving (β = 0.59); the path of negative affects to depression (β = 0.41); and the path of depression to craving (β = 0.43) were statistically significant. In addition, the lower and upper limits of indirect pathways did not entail emotional regulation difficulties and negative affects to craving through zero depression, which indicates the significance of these indirect paths. Conclusion: One of the main problems of the society is addiction and this problem has mostly involved the active people of the society; on the other hand, depression and emotional control play an important role in this problem. Hence; it is suggested that families and governmental agencies act more effectively in the prevention of behavioral disorders and that counseling centers be used for the treatment and training of life skills.  }, Keywords = {behavioral-brain systems, negative affect, depression, emotional regulation difficulties, craving}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {197-212}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1170-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1170-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nateghi, M and Sohrabi, F}, title = {The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Suicidal Thoughts and Impulsivity among Adolescents with Addiction}, abstract ={Objective: Drug addiction is a phenomenon that occurs in any country, whether developed or developing, which is categorized in the group of social ills because of its consequence. This provides the grounds for other harms. The current study was an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in suicidal thoughts and impulsivity in adolescents. Method: The population of the present study included the addicted adolescents who had attended rehab camps in Tehran. The number of 30 participants was selected using convenience non-probabilistic sampling method. Then, the participants were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The questionnaires pertaining to impulsiveness and suicidal thoughts were used for data collection purposes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was offered to the experimental group, but the control group received no intervention. The posttest was also administered to both groups. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy could significantly reduce impulsivity and suicidal thoughts in addicted adolescents. Conclusion: This type of treatment can be used to treat addicts.}, Keywords = { suicidal thoughts, addiction, impulsivity, cognitive-behavioral therapy}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {213-228}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1389-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1389-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {esmaelishahna, M and shalchi, B and Ahmadi, E}, title = {On the Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties as a Mediator in the Relationship of Family Function and Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs with Addictibility}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed at investigating on the role of emotion regulation difficulties as a mediator in the relationship of family function and satisfaction of basic psychological needs with addictibility. Method: The number of 452 students (245 girls and 207 boys) from the universities in Tabriz was selected through multistage cluster sampling. Then, they filled out Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale. Results: The results of this study showed the proposed model has a desired goodness of fit with the data and it possible to use emotion regulation difficulties as a mediator in the relationship of family function and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs with addictibility. Conclusion: Emotion regulation difficulties as a mediator in the relationship of family function and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs can explain addiction susceptibility and, thereby, the assignment of attention to this matter can lead to the proposal of some recommendations for addiction prevention and treatment.}, Keywords = {family function, difficulties in emotional regulation, satisfaction of basic, psychological needs, addictibility, mediating role}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {229-248}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1340-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1340-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alipour, F and Hassani, J and Saeedpour, S and Bodaghi, E}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Codependency Inventory}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of the present study was to develop the Persian version of Codependency Inventory and assess its reliability and validity. Method: The Persian version of the Co-dependency Inventory was developed using double translation technique and was administered to 430 students (119 males and 311 females) from Kharazmi University of Tehran. The reliability of the Persian version of the Co-dependency Inventory was examined based on internal consistency methods, correlational methods, and test-retest method. In addition, factor analysis, the correlation between sub-scales, and criterion validity were used to assess the scale validity. Results: The Cronbach's alpha range of 0.54 to 0.88 showed that the Persian version of the Co-dependency Inventory and its subscales have a desirable internal consistency. Similarly, the item scores and total scores of the sub-scales had a significant correlation with each other. The value of the test-retest coefficients (0.82-0.88) indicated the stability of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the 5-factor model of the Co-dependency Inventory. Finally, the existence of specific patterns of correlation coefficients between the subscales of the Persian version and behavioral brain systems and attachment styles indicated the good criterion validity of the scale. Conclusion: The Persian version of Codependency Inventory has desired psychometric features in the Iranian community and can be used in different clinical and research situations.}, Keywords = {co-dependency, Persian version of Codependency Inventory, factor analysis, validity, reliability}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {249-268}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1316-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1316-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Sevari, K and Shnachi, Sh}, title = {The Effectiveness of Self-Awareness Skills Training in Increased Impulse Control and Reduced Tendency to Drug Use}, abstract ={Objective: In the present study, the effectiveness of emotional self-aware­ness skills training in increasing impulse control and decreasing tendency to drug use was investigated. Method: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test/control group, all the male students in third grade high school in district 3 of Ahvaz constituted the population of the study. Among the population, fifty participants were selected via simple random sampling method and were divided into two groups (experimental and control). Only the experimental group was exposed to eleven training sessions of emotional self-aware­ness. For data collection purposes, Bar-on's Impulse Control Subscale and Zargar's Addiction Potential test were used. Results: The results showed that emotional self- aware­ness skills training in the experimental group led to the increase of impulse control and the decrease of addiction potential. Conclusion: Emotional self- aware­ness skills training is necessary to promote prevention of abusive behaviors of narcotics.    }, Keywords = {emotional self-aware­ness skills, impulse control, addiction potential}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {269-280}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-741-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-741-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {NematiSogolitappeh, F and mohamadyfar, mohamad ali and khaledian, moham}, title = {The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Marital Conflict and Marital Adjustment in Addicts}, abstract ={Objective: The current research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in marital conflict and marital adjustment among addicts. Method: The population of this study consisted of 100 addicts in Drug Treatment Methadone Therapy Center (Nikoosalamat) in Ghorveh city in 2013. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test. A sample size of 30 married addicts was selected via convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 13 behavioral-cognitive psychotherapy sessions according to Michael Frey's instructions (2005), while the control group received no intervention. For data collection, Spanier's 32-item Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) were administered. Results: The results showed that the mean score of marital adjustment post-test in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, the mean score of marital conflict post-test in the experimental group was found to be significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral therapy appears to be effective in promoting marital adjustment and reducing marital conflict among addicts.}, Keywords = {cognitive-behavioral therapy, marital conflict, marital adjustment, addiction}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {11-30}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-622-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-622-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Niazi, M and Abbaszadeh, M and Saadati, M}, title = {Construction and Validation of High-Risk Behavior Scale Application with Smart-PLS Software (Case of 15-34-year-old youths of Tabriz)}, abstract ={Objectives: Risk behaviors are the potentially harmful behaviors that can have adverse and irremediable consequences for individuals. This study also aims to construct and validate a high-risk behaviors scale. Method: A survey research method was used for the conduct of this study. The 15-34-year-old youths of Tabriz constituted the statistical population of this study. The results of this study indicated that the construct validity of risk behaviors has been confirmed in 98 items and 12 factors, including violence and aggression, dangerous driving, arbitrary use of drugs, suicide, online diversions, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, addiction to virtual networks, cigarette & tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking & drug use, unsafe sex, and gambling. The average variance extracted for all the dimensions was higher than 0.4, which demonstrates the appropriate internal validity of the measurement model. In addition, the reliability values of all the dimensions were obtained higher than 0.6, which is acceptable. Conclusion: The positive values of the shared index of all dimensions represents the quality and overall fit of the reflective measurement model of risky behaviors.}, Keywords = {risk behaviors, youth, validation, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {31-50}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1357-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1357-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SadriDamirchi, E and asadishishegaran, S and EsmailiGhazivalooi, F}, title = {Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Craving, Dependency, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Drug-Dependent Women}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in craving, dependency, and cognitive emotion regulation among drug-dependent women. Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pre-/post-test and a control group was employed for the conduct of this study. The research population consisted of all drug-dependent women admitted to addiction treatment centers in the city of Tabriz in the first half of 2015. The number of 30 participants (15 patients in the experimental group and 15 patients in the control group) was selected via convenience sampling method. Brief Substance Craving Scale, Dependency Severity Index, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used for data collection. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was administered in 10 sessions. Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy led to the significant reduction of drug use craving and drug dependence severity and significantly increased the use of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in drug-dependent women. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in craving, dependency, and cognitive emotion regulation among drug-dependent women.}, Keywords = {mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, craving, dependency, cognitive emotion regulation, drug-dependent women}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {51-69}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1076-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1076-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {bahadorikhosroshahi, J}, title = {Comparison of Risky Behavior, Process Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Prospective & Retrospective Memory in School Students with and without Drug Use Tendency}, abstract ={Objective: The present aimed at comparing risky behaviors, process emotion regulation strategies, and prospective & retrospective memory between students with and without addiction tendency. Method: A causal-comparative research method was used for the conduct of this study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school male students of Tabriz in the academic year 2016-17. The study sample consisted of 60 students with addiction tendency and 60 students without addiction tendency who were selected among the whole group of students. For data collection purposes, high-risk behavior scale, Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire, Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and Addiction Acknowledgment Scale were used. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of retrospective memory, situation selection, sitiuation modification, attention deployment, behavioral modification, experiential modification, violence, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In fact, students with a tendency to addiction were revealed to have a higher degree of retrospective memory and risk behaviors and a lower degree of emotion regulation strategies. Conclusion: It can be argued that risky behaviors, emotion regulation strategies, and retrospective memory affect the severity of addiction in students.}, Keywords = {addiction, retrospective memory, prospective memory, process emotion regulation strategies, risky behaviors}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {71-88}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1398-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1398-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Heidari, A and Mohamadi, R and Bahmani, M}, title = {The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Reducing Craving and Relapse in Substance Abusers under Methadone Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: Despite all the efforts made to stop addiction, the high rate of drug use relapse is alarming. The current research aims to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on reducing craving and relapse in patients under methadone treatment. Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pre-test and post-test was employed for the conduct of this study. From among the number of 60 patients in the methadone treatment center, the number of 30 patients was recognized eligible as the participants of this study. Then, the participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups completed Craving and Relapse Questionnaires (a six-month follow-up) before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that the research hypotheses on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in the reduction of craving and relapse were conformed and there was a significant difference between the experimental group, receiving motivational interviewing and pharmacotherapy, and the control group, only receiving pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: These findings help experts use psychological therapies along with pharmacotherapy in the field of addiction.}, Keywords = {motivational interviewing‚ craving‚ relapse‚ methadone}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {89-104}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-836-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-836-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mirfardi, A and Shahriari, M}, title = {Ethnographic Study of Folk Norms and Recommendations Encouraging Drug Use (Case of Arab People of Ahvaz City)}, abstract ={Objective: The study of subcultures is one of the most important approaches for the identification and investigation of social injuries. The contribution of ethnography to research on narcotics is to focus on social relationships with the centrality of drug use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ethnic subcultures (Arab people of Ahvaz) and the folk norms and recommendations that encourage the use of narcotic drugs. Method: This was an ethnographic and a qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used and theoretical saturation was used to achieve the sample adequacy. The domain of this research was the subculture of the Arab nation. Three-step coding was used to analyze the research data. The first step was open coding where important concepts were extracted. In the axial coding step, axial codes were drawn out of the conceptualization of important issues. Results: Causes of the tendency towards beliefs, customs, and traditions were revealed to be parents' false education regarding the relatively high size of Arabs' families, misleading cultural propaganda, lack of knowledge, lack of welfare facilities, unemployment, low quality of life, and adherence to ethnic customs in the domain of drug use. In terms of conventional beliefs about narcotic drugs, the findings suggest that the shared understanding and values can act as clear rules for drug users. Knowledge about drug use is transmitted through an interconnected social network, which represents a subculture of narcotic drugs. Conclusion: It can be argued that the beliefs and norms encouraging drug use have been commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment or reduction of pain associated with diseases of the old world.}, Keywords = {ethnography, drugs, norms, folk beliefs, pharmaceutical recommendations}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {105-126}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1081-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1081-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {babaee, j and Rezaei, AM and Akbaribalootbangan, A}, title = {Prediction of Attitude toward Substance Use on the Basis of Positive Youth Development and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of positive youth development and life satisfaction with attitude toward substance use in high school students of Qom city. Method: This study was a descriptive research, which falls within the category of correlational studies. The senior high school students of Qom city constituted the statistical population of this study, among whom the number of 385 students (198 girls and 187 boys) was selected through multistage cluster sampling. The participants completed Geldhof et al.'s Positive Youth Development Scale, Diener et al.'s Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Rezaee et al.'s Attitude toward Substance Use Questionnaire. Results: Pearson correlation results indicated that the components of positive youth development has a significant negative relationship with attitude toward substance use. In addition, a significant negative relationship was observed between the components of attitude toward substance use and life satisfaction. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the components of positive youth development (connection, character, and caring) and life satisfaction respectively make the highest contribution to the prediction of attitude toward substance use. Conclusion: The current research findings emphasized the need for attention to the assets and resources of positive youth development and life satisfaction as the effective factors in reducing addiction and substance use among students. }, Keywords = {attitude toward substance use, positive youth development, life satisfaction, school students}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {127-144}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1169-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1169-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {gili, m and ZanganehMotlagh, F and Taghvayi, D}, title = {Prediction of Drug Use Tendency Based on Psychological Loneliness and Cognitive Emotion Regulation among Addicts under Abstinence}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of the current study was to predict drug use tendency based on psychological loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation in patients recovering from drug addiction. Method: The current study is a descriptive correlational research. The sample size contained 120 addicts under recovery from drug addiction who were selected as the sample units via convenience sampling method. Farjad drugs use tendency questionnaire (2006), Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona's UCLA Loneliness Scale (1980), and Garnefski's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001) were used to measure the variables. Results: The results showed that psychological loneliness and obsessive thinking (rumination) have a significant positive relationship with drug use tendency. However, cognitive emotion regulation was revealed to hold a significant negative relationship with drug use tendency while there was no relationship between self-blame and drug use tendency. Psychological loneliness was revealed to be the strongest predictor of drug use tendency. Conclusion: These findings have important implications in the pathology of drug abuse. Thus, clinical technicians can stop the incidence of psychological loneliness by providing appropriate advice and consultation and can embark on the treatment of drug abuse by teaching cognitive regulation strategies.}, Keywords = {drug use tendency, psychological loneliness, cognitive emotion regulation}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {145-160}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1485-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1485-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {hoseini, j and babamohammadi, m and noroozy, h}, title = {The Simple and Multiple Relationship of Pathological Narcissism and Self-Control in Prediction of Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of pathological narcissism and self-control with drug abstinence self-efficacy in patients under the treatment of maintenance drugs. Method: The present study falls within the category of descriptive and correlation studies. A total of 356 patients under the treatment of maintenance drugs, such as methadone and buprenorphine were selected by random cluster sampling method from Addiction Treatment Clinics of Semnan city. These participants filled out Pincus et al.'s Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Grasmick, et al.'s self-control scale, and Bramson Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The results showed that there pathological narcissism and self-control have a significant positive relationship with drug abstinence self-efficacy. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that pathological narcissism and self-control predicted 20% of drug abstinence self-efficacy variance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of adjusted narcissism and high self-control can increase the amount of self-efficacy among people who have a history of drug abuse and placement under maintenance drugs. In the following of the treatment of these patients, the conduct of psychological intervention seems to be necessary.}, Keywords = {pathologic narcissism, self-control, addiction abstinence self-efficacy, methadone, and buprenorphine}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {161-176}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1152-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1152-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shabani, H and Mirzaian, B and Sangani, AR}, title = {Structural Equation Modeling of Schemas and Attachment Styles with Addiction Potential through the Mediation of Stress Coping Strategies, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, and Loneliness among the Addicts under Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study is to model the structural equation of schemas and attachment styles with addiction potential through the mediation of stress coping strategies, cognitive emotion regulation, and loneliness among the addicts undergoing abstinence. Method: For this purpose, a descriptive-correlational research design was used. The research population included all the addicts under treatment of Golestan Province in 2016. Through Loehlin's sampling method (2004), 300 addicts under recovery were selected as the sample. Addiction Potential Scale, Hazan & Shaver Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Garnefski's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), Russell UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) were used for data collection. Results: Generally, the five variables could explain 74 percent of addiction potential variance. Conclusion: Considering the predictive power of the variables, the findings can be used in interventions and training in addiction treatment clinics.}, Keywords = {schema, attachment styles, addiction potential, stress coping strategies, cognitive emotion regulation, loneliness}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {177-194}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1479-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1479-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {mahmoudi, h and ghaderi, s}, title = {Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy in Reducing Depression, Stress, and Anxiety among Ex-Addicts in Tabriz Central Prison}, abstract ={Objective: Today, a high rate of prison organization costs constitutes the crimes relating to addiction and rehabilitation; furthermore, relapse into addiction destroys all such expenses. In the same line, the present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy in reducing depression, stress, and anxiety among ex-addicts in Tabriz central prison. Method: For this purpose, 50 clients were selected through convenience sampling method from among the statistical population of 189 male ex-addicts imprisoned in the central prison of Tabriz and were randomly divided into two groups. The participants responded to DASS questionnaire before and after the administration of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy. Results: The results of this study showed that Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy has had a positive effect on the reduction of stress and anxiety among the clients, but it has not had any significant effect on depression. Conclusion: In addition to Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy, it is advisable to use other complementary therapies. In this regard, researchers are suggested to consider the long-term effects of this therapy, as well.}, Keywords = {addiction, Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy, depression, stress, and anxiety}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {195-210}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-877-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-877-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {taherifard, m and abolghasemi,}, title = {The Role of Mindfulness, Distress Tolerance and Emotional Memory in Predicting Addiction Relapse and Adherence to Treatment in Substance Abusers}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotional memory in predicting addiction relapse and adherence to treatment in substance abusers. Method: This research is a correlation study. The research population included all the patients referring to substance abuse treatment centers in the first half of 2014. The number of 197 substance abusers in addiction treatment centers of Ardabil was selected through convinience sampling method. General Adherence Scale, Relapse Prediction Scale, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Distress Tolerance Scale, and Emotional Memory Test were used for data collection. Results: The results of Pearson correlation indicated that addiction relapse and adherence to treatment have a significant relationship with mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotional memory. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 35.8 percent of relapse prediction variance can be explained by mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotional memory in substance abusers. Similarly, the results showed that 33.5 percent of adherence to treatment variance can be explained by mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotional memory in substance abusers. Conclusion: These results show that the mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotional memory are suitable predictors of relapse and adeherence to treatment in substance abusers.}, Keywords = {mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional memory, relapse, adherence to treatment}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {211-234}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1148-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1148-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ahmadi, L and dashtbozorgi, Z}, title = {The Causal Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Addiction Potential through the Mediating Role of Neuroticism and Openness to Experience}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the casual relationship between family communication patterns and addition potential with the mediating role of neuroticism and openness to experience among male high school students in Ahvaz. Method:  In this descriptive-correlational study, all the male high school students in the academic year 2016-17 constituted the research population. From this population, 400 students were selected from Municipal Districts 2 and 3 of Ahvaz through multistage cluster random sampling method. Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, Revised Family Communication Patterns, and NEO Personality Traits Inventory (neuroticism and openness to experience) were used for data collection in this study. Results: The proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data. Overall, the results showed all the direct paths except the path from communication of conformity to openness to experience were found significant. The indirect paths were also significant except the path from communication of conformity to openness to experience. Conclusion: The evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in addiction potential. Therefore, the model can be useful for the design and development of addiction prevention programs.}, Keywords = {addition potential, family communication patterns, neuroticism, and openness to experience}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {235-248}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1511-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1511-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {keykhosrovani, m and dehghani, a and dehghani, y}, title = {The Causal Relation of Self-Regulation and Moral Intelligence with Addiction Potential through the Mediating Role of Sensation-Seeking among Female Students}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the causal relation of self-regulation and moral intelligence with addiction potential through the mediator role of sensation seeking among female students. Method: This study falls within the category of descriptive/ structural equation modeling (correlational) research. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school female students of Bushehr in the academic year 2016-2017. From among this population, 240 students were selected as the participants via multistage cluster sampling and responded to Addiction Potential Scale, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, Moral Intelligence Scale, and Sensation Seeking Scale. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model of the research enjoys an acceptable fitness with the data. In this model, all direct, indirect, and general routes were obtained significant towards the prediction of addiction potential. In the same way, sensation seeking plays a mediating role in the relationship of self-regulation and moral intelligence with addiction potential. Conclusion: It can be concluded that it is essential to assign credit to psychological variables, like sensation seeking, self-regulation, and moral intelligence in adolescent drug prevention programs.}, Keywords = {sensation seeking, self-regulation, moral intelligence, addiction potential, adolescents}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {249-266}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1469-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1469-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {saghebisaeedi, k and davaran, m}, title = {Effectiveness of Stress Coping Skills Training in Mental Health of Addicts in Addiction Treatment Centers}, abstract ={Objective: The current research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of stress coping skills training in the mental health of the addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers. Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study consisted of all clients in addiction treatment clinics who had registered for methadone treatment in 2014. The number of 30 participants was selected by convenience sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of stress coping skills training and, then, the mental health of both groups was examined by General Health Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that stress coping skills training has been effective in addicts’ mental health. Conclusion: Stress coping skills training can be effective in reducing the harmful effects of addiction on mental health.}, Keywords = {stress coping, mental health, addiction}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {267-280}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-814-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-814-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Salimi, Lida and Baheri, Tahmineh and Mirzaei, Samir}, title = {Determination of Methamphetamine, Cocaine, Morphine, and Codeine Rates in Urban Sewage through Gas Chromatography}, abstract ={Objective: In addition to damage to individual and social health, drug abuse can seriously endanger the aquatic environment through access to aquatic ecosystems. In this research, narcotic drugs (methamphetamine, cocaine, morphine, and codeine) in the input and output wastewater, the sludge arising from wastewater treatment in the wastewater treatment plant of Tehran municipality, and the output effluent in one of the hospitals in Tehran (Tehranpars Hospital) have been examined via GC gas chromatography and Solid Phase Micro Extraction. Method: Solid-phase micro-extraction is an equilibrium extraction method through which it is possible to use pollutants in low concentrations and with high sensitivity without using solvents by means of a proper calibration method. Gas chromatography is the analyzer, initially used with SPME, and, to date, many of its applications are based on separation and analysis by this device. Results: The results of this study showed that high concentrations of codeine and morphine exist in urban sewage and the efficacy of treatment plants in removing these contaminants was not significant (elimination percentages were 23% and 43%, respectively). It has also been observed that there is no cocaine in the study samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study have health-medical implications and points.}, Keywords = {narcotic drugs, solid phase micro-extraction, gas chromatography, hospital wastewater}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {9-22}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1217-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1217-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heydari, Mandana and Dehghanizade, Jalal}, title = {Effect of a Period of Selective Aerobic Exercises on Self-Efficacy, Happiness and Mindfulness in Addicts}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of selective exercises on self-efficacy, happiness, and mindfulness. Method: The current research method was quasi-experimental along with pretest/posttest and control group.  From all the addicts in Yazd city, 50 addicts were randomly selected and divided into two 25-person groups (control group and experimental group). Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Inventory, and Mindfulness Questionnaire were used for data collection. The experimental group received selective exercises for 6 weeks and the control group did not receive any training or intervention. Analysis of covariance test (ANCOVA) was used to examine the influence of the exercise. Results: The results showed that the above-mentioned selective exercises had a significant effect on the promotion of self-efficacy, happiness, and mindfulness in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic exercises lead to the improvement of psychological functions in addicts. Hence the relevant institutions are recommended to include these exercises in their programs in order to improve mental functions in addicts.}, Keywords = {self-efficacy, happiness, mindfulness, addicts}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {23-41}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1297-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1297-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kolahihamed, Saba and Ahmadi, Ezzatollah and Shalchi, Behz}, title = {Explaining the Substance Use Tendency on the basis of Wisdom and Self-Transcendence}, abstract ={Objective: Addiction is a chronic disease that is characterized by impaired individual, physiological, and social functioning. Wisdom and self-transcendence, as protective factors, can be effective in predicting tendency to substance use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of wisdom and self-transcendence with the tendency to substance use among university students. Method: A descriptive correlational research method was used in this study. In this study, students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University constituted the statistical population where a 361-participant sample was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS), Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory (ASTI), and drug use tendency questionnaire were used for the purpose of data collection. The data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis methods. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between components of predictor variables and tendency to substance use. Moreover, it was revealed that wisdom and self-transcendence can predict and explain variance of tendency to substance use (P<0.01). Conclusion: Since wisdom and self-transcendence can predict and explain variance of tendency to substance use, it is possible to reduce the rate of tendency to substance use by nurturing and promoting such characteristics.}, Keywords = {wisdom, self-transcendence, tendency to substance use}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {43-58}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1528-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1528-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ansarizadeh, mehdi and javaheri, mohamad hosein and moiniyan, davoo}, title = {Comparison of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Medicinal Therapy, and Placebo in Reduceing Anxiety in Substance Abuseers}, abstract ={Objective: Drug addiction is one of the most important problems of the present age, which has become globally widespread. The purpose of this study was to compare three therapeutic methods, i.e, group cognitive-behavioral therapy, medicinal therapy, and placebo in reducing the anxiety of substance abuse patients. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental research with pre-test/post-test and control group. The number of 40 male addicts who had obtained high scores in Beck Anxiety Inventory and were diagnosed with general anxiety disorder was selected through convenience sampling method and randomly divided into four groups, i.e. three experimental groups, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, medicinal therapy group, and placebo group and control group. The cognitive behavioral group received six 90-minute sessions of treatment. The medicnal group was placed under sertraline treatment, the placebo group also recived the placebo capsule, and the control group recived no treatment. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety in comparison with the medicinal therapy and placebo groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, which indicate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety reduction, this therapy can be used as an effective method to reduce anxiety among addicts.}, Keywords = {anxiety, medicinal therapy, placebo, cognitive-behavioral therapy, addicts}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {59-74}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1576-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1576-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {moghadam, Lila and Esmaillopour, Khalil}, title = {Comparison of Family Empowerment between Patients with Relapse and Patients with Sustained Maintenance Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to compare family empowerment between the patients with relapse and the ones with sustained maintenance treatment among drug addicts in Tabriz. Method: The causal-comparative research method was used in this study. For this purpose, a 150-participant sample (including 75 patients with and 75 ones without relapse) was selected from among the clients of addiction treatment camps through purposive sampling. It is noteworthy that the participants' families were asked to fill out Family Empowerment Scale. Results: The results showed that the two groups were different in terms of the total score of family empowerment and empowerment levels (family in relation to the addicted person, relationship with service systems, and social status) (p <0.05), and families of the patients with sustained maintenance treatment enjoyed higher empowerment. Conclusion: The current findings can implicitly confirm the role of family empowerment in the management of relapse prevention.  }, Keywords = {family empowerment, drug relapse, addiction, maintenance treatment}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {75-90}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1557-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1557-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jenaabadi, hossein and Nastiezaie, naser and Mrziyeh, afsaneh}, title = {The Role of Perceived Social Support and Feelings of Social-Emotional Loneliness in Addiction Relapse (Case Study: Self-Referred Addicts to Drug Rehab Centers in Zahedan)}, abstract ={Objective: This study sought to examine the role of perceived social support and feelings of social-emotional loneliness in addiction relapse. Method: This research was a descriptive study and its statistical population included all self-referred male addicts to drug rehab centers in Zahedan who had at least the history of drug withdrawal for once. Through convenience sampling method, 200 individuals were selected and were studied using two questionnaires, including Ziment, Dahlem, Zimet, and Farley Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (1988) and Russell Feelings of Loneliness Scale (1993). To analyze the obtained data, T test and correlation coefficient were run in SPSS21. Results: Mean values of social support and feelings of loneliness were equal to 2.6±0.868 and 3.72±0.801, respectively. In addition, 54.5% of the addicts considered lack of social support effective in addiction relapse and 76.5% of them regarded feelings of loneliness effective in addiction relapse (P<0.01). Correlation coefficient of social support and feelings of loneliness was -0.497 that was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Lack of social support and feelings of social and emotional loneliness play a key role in addiction relapse.}, Keywords = {social support, feeling of loneliness, addiction relapse}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {91-106}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-966-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-966-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GhanbariZarandi, Zahra and Hasani, Jafar and Mohammadkhani, Shahram and Hatami, Mohamm}, title = {Structural Model of Brain-Behavioral Systems, Feeling of Loneliness, Emotion Regulation Difficulty, and Craving for Substance Use among Female Substance Abusers}, abstract ={Objective: Addiction is a complex social problem that has many negative consequences for the individuals and society. The aim of this study was to have an experimental evaluation of the fitness of the model in which the roles of brain-behavioral systems, difficulty in emotion regulation, and loneliness in the craving of female substance abusers were considered. Method:  For this purpose, 580 addicted women in Kerman city were selected by voluntary sampling method and responded to Craving Beliefs Questionnaire, Jackson’s Five Factor Questionnaire, revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Results:  The results showed that although some of the paths are not statistically significant, the proposed model enjoys a good fit. The results also indicated that brain-behavioral systems contribute to the craving of women with substance abuse both directly and through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, while these systems do not have a role in the craving of women with substance abuse through the mediation of loneliness. Conclusion:  Accordingly, these variables can be targeted to prevent addiction, treat addiction, and reduce the possibility of relapse.}, Keywords = {brain-behavioral systems, difficulties in emotion regulation, loneliness, craving for substance use}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {107-134}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1545-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1545-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Forouzanfar, Azadeh and GholamaliLavasani, Masoud and shoakazemi, Mehrangiz}, title = {The Effectiveness of Group Counselling based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity among Female Substance Abusers}, abstract ={Objective: Distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity are considered traumatic factors for substance use disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group counselling based on acceptance and commitment therapy in distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity among female substance abusers. Method: A quasi-experimental research method with pretest-posttest/control group research design was used in this study. The statistical population of this study included all the female substance abusers who were in drug rehabilitation centers of Arak city in spring 2016. Thirty female substance abusers were selected via convenience sampling method and were divided into control and experimental groups. Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) were used for data collection. The experimental group received eight 60-minute training sessions of ACT. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of data analysis showed that group counselling based on acceptance and commitment therapy increases distress tolerance and reduces anxiety sensitivity in female substance abusers in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Group counselling based on acceptance and commitment therapy can be applied for substance abuse dependent women and it can be used as a psychological intervention alongside medical treatments.}, Keywords = {group counselling based on acceptance and commitment therapy, distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity, substance abuse}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {135-154}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1290-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1290-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ahmadi, shirin and yaghouti, hassan and fallahi, vahi}, title = {The Role of Moral Disengagement and Social Intelligence in Predicting Drug Use Craving among Substance Users}, abstract ={Objective: Drug use craving is one of the most high-profile topics in the science of addictive disorders. This study aimed at determining the role of moral disengagement and social intelligence in predicting drug use craving among substance users. Method: A descriptive research method and a correlational research design were used for the conduct of this study. The substance users who had referred to departments of outpatient addiction in Kermanshah province in the first half of 2017 constituted the statistical population of this study. A total of 120 participants were selected through randomized cluster sampling. The data gathering tools consisted of three questionnaires, namely Bandura et al., Moral Disengagement Scale, Aungtontett Social Intelligence Test, and Somoza Drug Craving Scale. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of correlation coefficients showed that craving has a positive relationship with the total score of moral disengagement and some of its components, including moral justification, advantageous comparison, ignoring the consequences, dehumanization, and attribution of blame; and has a negative relationship with social intelligence. The results of regression analysis showed that 15 percent of the variance of drug use craving is explained by moral disengagement and social intelligence. Conclusion: It can be argued that moral disengagement and social intelligence are among the variables associated with drug use craving that should be considered in the addiction treatment program.}, Keywords = {moral disengagement, social intelligence, craving, substance users}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {155-168}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1467-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1467-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghandehari, Arash and dehghani, akram}, title = {Effectiveness of Group Schema Therapy in Metacognitive Beliefs and Methadone Dose Reduction in Men under Methadone Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of group schema therapy in metacognitive beliefs and methadone dose in men treated with methadone maintenance medication. Method: A quasi-experimental research design, including pre-test and post-test and control group was used for the conduct of this study. The statistical population of this study included all the men who had referred to the addiction treatment clinics of Isfahan city in Spring 2017 for addiction treatment. For sampling, one addiction treatment clinic was selected via convenience sampling method; then, 30 participants were selected from this center based on purposive sampling and entry criteria. The participants were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 weekly 90-minute sessions of schema therapy. Wells Metacognitions Questionnaire was administered to the participants before and after the treatment and methadone dose was also recorded before and after the treatment. Results: The obtained data were analyzed through multivariate covariance in SPSS23. The results showed that group schema therapy had a significant effect on 5 dimensions of metacognitive beliefs, i.e., positive beliefs about anxiety (p=0.000), negative beliefs about controllability of thoughts and concerns related to anxiety (p=0.000), cognitive unreliability (p=0.000), need for thought control (p=0.000), and cognitive self-awareness (p=0.000)); and methadone dose (p=0.000). Conclusion: Group schema therapy is an effective method in adjusting metacognitive beliefs and decreasing methadone dose in the men under methadone treatment.}, Keywords = {metacognitive beliefs, methadone dose, schema therapy}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {169-186}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1562-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1562-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nuori, Hamid Reza and Naghavi, Mohamm}, title = {Investigating the Effectiveness of Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) in the Adjustment of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Opiate Addicts under Methadone Maintenance Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: The compassionate mind training was designed in accordance with the structure of cognitive-behavioral therapies and the historical period of this therapeutic model is rooted in the improvement of negative emotions in cognitive-behavioral therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate mind training in the adjustment of early maladaptive schemas in opiate addicts under methadone maintenance treatment. Method: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test-follow-up control group design was used in this study. A total of 30 male substance users (mean age = 32.5 years) were selected from two addiction treatment centers by convenience sampling method and were classified into two groups after being diagnosed with axis I disorders through a structured clinical interview. The experimental group participated in twelve sessions of Gilbert's Compassionate Mind Training Group. Participants were evaluated by Yang Primary Schema Questionnaire (short form) in three stages of before intervention, final session, and one month later (follow-up session). Results: The findings of this study indicated that the score of schemas in the experimental group decreased except for the schemes of abandonment/instability, mistrust/abuse, enmeshment, entitlement/grandiosity, and unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the compassionate mind training is an effective treatment in adjusting the early maladaptive schemas among opiate addicts under methadone maintenance treatment.}, Keywords = {compassionate mind training, early maladaptive schema, addiction}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {187-208}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-922-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-922-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tosifian, negin and GhaderiBegeh-Jan, Kaveh and Khaledian, Mohammad and Farrokhi, Nourali}, title = {Structural Modeling of Family Function and Drug Craving in Addicted People under Methadone Maintenance Treatment with an Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aimed at the structural modeling of family function and drug craving in addicted people under methadone maintenance treatment with the emphasis on the mediator role of self-compassion. Method:  This research is a correlational study in which path analysis method has been used to examine structural connections between the variables. The statistical population of this research consisted of the addicts who were under methadone maintenance treatment in Ahvaz outpatient treatment centers under the supervision of welfare organization (Behzisti) in 2017. Among them, 150 individuals have been selected based on acceptance criteria and cluster sampling method. These participants were selected in line with the inclusion criteria and responded to Family Assessment Device, Self-Compassion Scale, and Drug Craving Questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software programs. Results: The results demonstrated the adequate precision of the model in which family function directly predicted drug craving. In addition, family function (unhealthy) also indirectly and more precisely predicted drug craving via the mediating role of self-compassion. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, family function and self-compassion are contributing factors to drug craving. Thus, it is essential to pay heed to the role of family function and its correlates during the process of methadone maintenance treatment.}, Keywords = {family function, self-compassion, drug craving, addiction, methadone maintenance treatment}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {209-226}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1583-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1583-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {otared, nastaran and Vojoudi, Babak and Raoufi, mohammad bagher}, title = {A Comparison between the Temperament and Character of Patients Suffering from Major Depression with and without Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Normal People}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the temperament and character of patients suffering from major depression with and without Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and normal people. Method: This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the study consisted of patients with major depressive disorder who referred to Tabriz medical centers in the second and third quarters of 2017. Thirty patients suffering from major depressive disorder with substance use disorder and 30 patients without substance use disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and 30 normal subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. The temperament and character inventory (TCI) and Beck depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were employed in the process of data collection. Results: The findings of this study revealed that depressed patients showed significantly higher novelty seeking and harm avoidance, and lower perseverance, self-direction, and cooperation than normal people. Moreover, depressed patients with substance use disorder reported a high degree of novelty seeking and a lower level of perseverance, self-direction, and cooperation in comparison to depressed patients without comorbidity. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the dimensions of temperament and character have a significant role in the development of mental disorders. Identifying these dimensions in high risk groups can be effective in developing preventive and therapeutic interventions for depression and substance use disorders.}, Keywords = {temperament and character, major depressive disorder, substance use disorder }, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {227-242}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1356-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1356-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Niroomand, Fatemeh and Ebrahimi, Sedigheh and ghaheri, Abbas}, title = {Evaluation of Impulsivity in Substance Abusers before and after Methadone Maintenance Therapy}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of methadone maintenance therapy on the levels of impulsivity in substance users. Method: The method of this study was the quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test single-group design. The statistical population of the study consisted of substance abusers who referred to two addiction treatment clinics in Sari during the second six months of 2015. The sample consisted of 30 substance abusers who were selected by convenience sampling method. The participants were evaluated before and 45 days after methadone maintenance treatment. Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and Go-No-Go Test were employed to measure the impulsivity of the participants. Results: The results of t-test showed a significant reduction in the total score of impulsivity and cognitive impulsivity in the Barratt scale and a significant decrease in the impulsivity indices in the balloon analogue risk task and the Go-No-Go Test after methadone maintenance. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, methadone maintenance therapy is an effective strategy in reducing the level of impulsivity of substance abusers. Methadone maintenance therapy can be used in situations where the reduction of the impulsive behavior in substance abusers is the objective at the abstinence period.}, Keywords = {impulsivity, maintenance therapy, methadone maintenance}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {243-256}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1272-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1272-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MorshedBehbahani, Mehdi and Hayati, Davoo}, title = {Causal Relationship of Diffused Identity and Self-Efficacy with Addiction Potential: the Mediating Role of Sense Seeking}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed at examining the pattern of the causal relationship of diffused identity and self-efficacy with addiction potential via the mediating role of sense seeking in female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of the female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2016 and sampling was conducted by random cluster sampling method (300 participants). The following measures were used to evaluate the research variables: Berzonsky Identity Style Inventory-Sixth Grade (1989), Schwartzer & Jerusalem's Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (1979), Arnett's Sensation Seeking Scale (1994), and Weed & Butcher's Addiction Potential Scale (1989). The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis. Results: The results showed that the proposed model fits the data. In addition, all path coefficients among the variables in the whole sample were statistically significant. Moreover, the direct paths of diffused identity, self-efficacy, and sensation seeking towards addiction potential and sensation seeking were statistically significant. On the other hand, the results showed that the indirect relationship of diffused identity and self-efficacy with addiction potential were also significant through sensation seeking. Conclusion: The findings contain practical implications.}, Keywords = {diffused identity, self-efficacy, addiction potential, sensation seeking}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {257-272}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1530-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1530-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2018} }