@article{ author = {Nemati, Fatemeh and Shahmoradi, Somayeh and Rahimi, Fateme Sadat and Khaledian, moham}, title = {Investigating the Factors Affecting Drug Abuse and Addiction with a Grounded Theoretical Approach}, abstract ={Objective: Drug addiction is one of the most important issues whose complications are a serious threat to the society. It is one of the four crises of the 21st century affecting all communities across the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and factors affecting drug abuse and addiction with a grounded theory approach. Method: The present study was conducted in a qualitative manner in Qorveh in 2019. Sixteen individuals with a history of drug abuse with at least 4 years of dependency were selected by purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate the coding process and data analysis. Results: Factors influencing drug abuse and addiction were: a) predisposing factors including individual and interpersonal factors; b) detective factors including family factors; and c) continuing and aggravating factors including social-cultural and environmental factors. Conclusion: Numerous factors are involved in the occurrence of addiction and drug abuse, and identifying them in different environments, cultures and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive practices and increasing public awareness.}, Keywords = {Drug abuse, Addiction, Grounded theory.}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {11-34}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.11}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2346-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2346-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Rahmati, Abbas and Pourehsan, Somayeh}, title = {Attitudes toward Drug Scale in Students: Assessing the Reliability and Validity}, abstract ={Objective: The present study aimed to develop attitude toward drug scale and to evaluate its validity and reliability among students. Method: The present research was descriptive-survey of tool development type. The statistical population of the present study included all the students at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2018-2019. Among them, 400 individuals were selected using quota sampling method. The development of the scale was performed in two preliminary and final stages. After a preliminary evaluation of the scale on 50 individuals and the removal of items that had an inappropriate clean coefficient and difficulty, the final scale of attitudes toward drug and the questionnaire to identify people at risk for addiction were completed. The factor structure of the attitude toward drug scale was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Amos-24 software. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had a three-factor structure (cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors) with an appropriate fit. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.86 and for its cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors were 0.70, 0.73, and 0.69 respectively, showing good internal consistency. Also, the appropriate convergent validity of the scale confirmed the scale validity. Conclusion: The attitude toward drug scale is a valid and reliable tool among students and can be used as a screening tool to assess students at risk for addiction.}, Keywords = {Attitudes toward drug scale, Reliability, Validity, Students}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {35-56}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.35}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2355-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2355-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Kheirabadi, Hadi and Jajarmi, Mahmoud and Bakhshipoor, Abolfazl}, title = {Modeling the Relationship between Stress and Substance Abuse with the Mediation of Meaning in Life}, abstract ={Objective: Substance abuse is a serious and worrying threat to human society that cannot be treated without considering its relevant, underlying, and intensifying factors. The aim of this study was to model the relationship between stress and substance abuse with the mediation of meaning in life. Method: The present study was correlational-descriptive of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all students studying at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019 among which 387 students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. In addition to the demographic information form, participants completed the meaning in life questionnaire (Steger & Shin, 2010), the student stress survey (Ross, Neibling, & Heckert, 1999), and the simple screening instrument for substance abuse and mental illnesses (Whetten et al., 2005). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods using SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 software. Results: The results showed that stress had a positive and significant direct effect on substance abuse and meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between stress and substance abuse. Conclusion: The present study showed that stress can be one of the predictive factors related to substance abuse. Also, lack of meaning in life is an effective factor in substance abuse that should be considered in the treatment and prevention of this disorder.}, Keywords = {Modeling, Stress, Meaning in life, Substance abuse.}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {57-72}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.57}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2315-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2315-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {mirabi, tamara and hassani, fariba and golshani, fatemeh and keshavarziarshadi, farnaz}, title = {The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders on Tendency to Drugs in Men Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders on tendency to drugs in men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment who referred to Shahid Mellatdoost service-support complex supervised by Tehran Welfare Organization in 2009. Among them, a sample of 45 people was purposefully selected and randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Following the study, 10 people were excluded from the study. Thus, 11 people in the schema therapy group, 13 people in the group of unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders, and 10 people in the control group were remained. To collect the data, the addiction potential scale was used, which was completed by individuals of all three groups in the pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up stages. The first and second experimental groups respectively received schema therapy intervention and unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in 17 sessions of 45 to 60 minutes individually. The control group did not receive any intervention and was only undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Results: The results showed that both therapeutic interventions were effective in reducing tendency to drugs and these effects remained after two months of follow-up. Also, there was a difference between the effectiveness of schema therapy and unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders at the end of treatment and after two months of follow-up. The unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders was more effective in reducing the tendency to drugs compared to schema therapy. Conclusion: This study showed that schema therapy and unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders are effective in reducing tendency to drugs and can be used by therapists.}, Keywords = {Unified transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders, Methadon maintenance treatment, Schema therapy, Tendency to drugs}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {73-94}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.73}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2349-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2349-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {soltani, haniyeh and abdoli, behrouz and farsi, alireza and haghparast, abbas}, title = {The Comparison of Working Memory and Reaction Time in Non-Athlete, Athlete and Heroin-Dependent Individuals *}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to compare memory working and semantic strop in non-athlete, athlete and heroin-dependent individuals. Method: The present study was a causal-comparative study. Forty-five men were selected by convenience sampling and divided into three groups: non-athlete, athlete, and heroin-dependent individuals. Participants were assessed using neuropsychological instruments that measure semantic strop and working memory. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of athlete, non-athlete, and heroin-dependent individuals on the variables of working memory and semantic strop, so that both non-athlete and athlete groups performed better than the heroin-dependent group. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups of non-athletes and athletes. Conclusion: Moderate exercise and physical activity with superior attention control to prevent distraction in interfering situations improve attention, cognitive speed and working memory. In contrast, individuals with substance use disorder have moderate cognitive deficits.}, Keywords = {Working memory, Reaction time, Athlete, Heroin dependence}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {95-114}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.95}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2354-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2354-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {yaghoutizarghar, hassan and ahmadi, shiri}, title = {Modeling the Tendency to Use Drugs Based on Sensation Seeking with the Mediation of Emotion Dysregulation}, abstract ={Objective: Drug use is a dangerous factor among adolescents. The aim of this study was modeling the tendency to use drugs based on sensation seeking with the mediation of emotion dysregulation (path analysis). Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all male secondary high school students in public schools in the academic year of 2019-2020 in the city of Ardabil. Among them, a sample of 200 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and they answered to Weed and Butcher's addiction potential scale (1992), Zuckerman's sensation-seeking scale (1980) and Gratz and Roemer's difficulties in emotion regulation scale (2004). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient tests and structural equation modeling using SPSS-25 and LISREL 8.8 software. Results: The results showed that the tendency to use drugs had positive significant relationships with the total score of emotion dysregulation and the total score of sensation seeking and its components including adventure seeking, experience seeking, and disinhibition. Also, emotion dysregulation had positive significant relationships with the total score of sensation seeking and its components. Model fit indices also confirmed the effect of sensation seeking on tendency to use drugs mediated by emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is recommended to hold educational workshops to raise awareness of the side effects of addiction and to manage and control emotions for adolescents by school counselors and mental health planners.}, Keywords = {Use drugs, Sensation seeking, Emotion dysregulation, Adolescents}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {115-130}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.115}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2367-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2367-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Reza and sodani, Mansour and gholamzadehjofreh, Maryam}, title = {The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Focused Training on Reducing Negative Affect and Improving the Quality of Life in Substance-Dependent Individuals}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassionate focused training on reducing negative affect and improving the quality of life in substance-dependent individuals. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. A sample of 50 substance-dependent individuals was selected by convenience sampling method and then they were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups. The participants of the experimental group received self-compassion focused training in ten 90-minute sessions once a week. The data collection tools were the positive affect and negative affect scale and the world health organization quality of life scale. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that self-compassion focused training significantly led to reduce negative affect and improve the quality of life in substance-dependent individuals and these changes still remained during follow-up period. Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of self-compassion focused training on reducing negative affect and improving the quality of life in substance-dependent individuals. Therefore, self-compassion focused training can be used to reduce negative affect and improve the quality of life in substance-dependent individuals.}, Keywords = {Self-compassion focused training, Negative affect, Quality of life, Substance dependence}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {131-150}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.131}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2375-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2375-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Azimi, Hakim and Soleimani, Esmaiel}, title = {The Comparison of Psychological Distress, Impulsivity, and Type D Personality between Students with Positive and Negative Attitudes toward Addiction}, abstract ={Objective: This study aimed to compare psychological distress, impulsivity, and type D personality between students with positive and negative attitudes toward addiction. Method: The present study was a causal-comparative design. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of Razi University of Kermanshah in 2017-2018. Among them, 305 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Among the selected sample, 50 individuals as those with positive attitudes toward addiction, and 50 individuals as those with negative attitudes toward addiction were selected as the final sample. To collect data, the attitude toward addiction and drug scale, the depression, anxiety and stress scale-21, the Barratt impulsiveness scale, and the type D questionnaire were used. The Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that there were significant differences on depression, anxiety, total impulsivity and its components (non-planning impulsivity, motor impulsivity, cognitive impulsivity), total type D personality and its components (negative affect and social inhibition) between students with positive and negative attitudes toward addiction. Overall, students who had a positive attitude toward addiction scored higher on these variables, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in stress component. Conclusion: A positive attitude toward addiction is associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and type D personality involved in substance use. So, it is suggested that counseling centers and mental health of universities attempt to conduct addiction prevention workshops for students in order to change students' attitudes toward addiction and identify students with psychological distress and impulsivity.}, Keywords = {Psychological distress, Impulsivity, Type D personality, Attitudes toward addiction}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {151-170}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.151}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2377-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2377-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Abbaspour, Zabihollah and Ghanbari, Zahr}, title = {The Effectiveness of Family-Based Treatment on Attitude towards Substance Use in Female Students with Substance Use Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: Substance abuse and addiction are serious problems in today's world, and high tendency to use substances in adolescents has attracted the attention of researchers and therapists. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of family-based treatment on attitude towards substance use in female students with substance use disorder. Method: In this study, a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design was used. Accordingly, four families and their adolescent girls who engaged in substance abuse disorder were selected by purposive sampling. Family-based treatment was performed in three phases of baseline, intervention and follow-up, and adolescents responded to the opium attitude questionnaire. The data were analyzed using visual charting, reliable change index (RCI), and recovery percentage formula. Results: The results showed that family-based treatment led to a significant decrease in positive attitude towards substance use (30/93% recovery). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the family-based treatment can be effective in changing dysfunctional cycle of family system and decreasing positive attitude towards substance use in adolescents, and therapists can use this intervention to improve substance use disorder.}, Keywords = {Family-based treatment, Attitude towards substance use, Substance use disorder}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {171-186}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.171}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2331-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2331-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {shokuhi-rad, samad and ghorbani, ebrahim}, title = {Emerging Psychedelics: A Systematic Review of Synthetic Cannabinoids}, abstract ={Objective: In recent years, the advent of synthetic cannabinoids, deceptive advertising and cyber sales has led young people to use them. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has identified the prevalence of using these compounds as a major public health challenge. The aim of the present study was to systematically review synthetic cannabinoids. Method: This study was a descriptive-library of systematic review type conducted between 1980 and 2019 using all articles published in electronic databases, including Cochrane Database Systematic, Google Scholar, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Reviews, Proquest as well as internal resources such as Iranmedex, Irandoc, and SID. Results: The results showed that synthetic cannabinoids have similar and stronger effects than THC in cannabis products and a small number of them have been used in medicine. Synthetic cannabinoids are more addictive and harmful than cannabis products, and there have been numerous reports of death by overusing synthetic cannabinoids in users. Developed countries such as the United States, European Union member countries, Japan, China, Russia, Turkey, etc. have outlawed or controlled synthetic cannabinoids and their products in their domestic laws. Conclusion: Synthetic cannabinoids and their products are addictive and a threat to public health and safety. The legal vacuum in the country and their ban in different countries, industrial production and their cheap sale in cyberspace can increase the possibility of replacing synthetic cannabinoids with cannabis products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study and establish laws to combat synthetic cannabinoids in the country.}, Keywords = {Synthetic cannabinoids, Abuse, Addiction, Country laws, Consumption side effects}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {187-210}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.187}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2201-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2201-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Nikdel, Mehdi and Bakhtiarpour, Saeed and Naderi, Farah and Ehteshamzadeh, Parvi}, title = {Modelling the Relations of Religiousness and Family Emotional Climate to Self-Efficacy for Addiction Withdrawal with Regard to the Mediating Role of the Meaning of Life in Substance-Dependent Women}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was modelling the relations of religiousness and family emotional climate to self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal with regard to the mediating role of the meaning of life in substance-dependent women. Method: The present study was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modelling type. The statistical population consisted of all substance-dependent women referring to addiction treatment centers in Ahvaz in 2019. Among them, 149 individuals were selected through convenience sampling method. Participants completed the quit addiction self-efficacy inventory, the religiousness scale, the family emotional climate questionnaire, and the meaning in life questionnaire. Results: The results showed that religiousness had significant direct effects on self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal, but family emotional climate did not have. Religiousness and family emotional climate were significantly related to the meaning of life. In turn, the meaning of life had a significant association with self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal. Also, the indirect effects of religiousness and family emotional climate on self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal through the mediating role of the meaning of life were significant. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that religiousness, family emotional climate, and the meaning of life are important variables that should be considered in treatment programs to quit addiction.}, Keywords = {Addiction, Self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal, Religiousness, Family emotional climate, Meaning of life}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {211-236}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.211}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2362-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2362-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {KhamoshiGhalenoei, Sanam and Mansouri, Ahm}, title = {The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism in Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder}, abstract ={Objective: Substance use disorder is one of the chronic and debilitating disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-compassion and self-criticism in individuals with opioid use disorder. Method: The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Thirty people with opioid use disorder referred to Granmehr and Game-no addiction treatment centers in Mashhad were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly placed into two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The participants in the experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy for 8 sessions, but the participants in the control group did not receive any treatment. Participants responded to the self-compassion scale and the self-criticism scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of self-compassion and self-criticism. In other words, acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in increasing self-compassion and reducing self-criticism in individuals with opioid use disorder. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that therapists and other mental health professionals can use acceptance and commitment therapy to improve self-compassion and self-criticism in individuals with opioid use disorder.}, Keywords = {Acceptance and commitment therapy, Self-compassion, Self-criticism, Opioid use disorder}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {237-254}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.237}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2385-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2385-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Gholamikalateh, Fatemeh and Homayouni, Alireza and Zaremarzoni, Mahbobeh}, title = {Modeling Behavioral Brain Systems and Emotion Dysregulation with Psychological Vulnerability in Substance-Dependent Individuals in Recovery}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the modeling of behavioral brain systems and emotion dysregulation with psychological vulnerability in substance-dependent individuals in recovery. Method: The present study was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all substance-dependent individuals in recovery in residential centers (medium- and long-term) covered by Gorgan Welfare Organization in 2020. In this study, according to the number of 19 observed variables and the allocation of a coefficient of 10 for each variable, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling method as the sample size. Research tools included the psychological vulnerability questionnaire, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the behavioral brain systems scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that behavioral brain systems and emotion dysregulation had significant relationships with psychological vulnerability. Also, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between behavioral brain systems and psychological vulnerability. The research model was confirmed and 66% of the variance of psychological vulnerability was explained by behavioral brain systems and emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: This study emphasized the roles of cognitive and emotional factors in the degree of psychological vulnerability in substance-dependent individuals, which may have practical implications for therapists to reduce psychological vulnerability given the components of emotion dysregulation and behavioral brain systems.}, Keywords = {Behavioral brain systems, Emotion dysregulation, Psychological vulnerability, Substance-dependent individuals}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {255-272}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.255}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2329-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2329-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {pourfathiyeh, arefeh and fathi, ayatolah}, title = {The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention as a Supplement to Maintenance Therapies on the Prevention of Recurrence and Improvement of Symptoms of Mental Disorders in Substance-Dependent Patients}, abstract ={Objective: Addiction is a type of social harm that has widespread psychological and physical disorders and imposes high costs on communities. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral non-pharmacological intervention as a supplement to maintenance therapies on the prevention of recurrence and improvement of symptoms of mental disorders in patients with opioid abuse in Tabriz. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. For this purpose, 60 men with opioid abuse were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Participants responded to the relapse prediction scale and the symptom checklist-90. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in preventing recurrence. Also, cognitive-behavioral intervention was effective in improving the symptoms of mental disorders in patients with opioid abuse. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the recovery of individuals with substance abuse, this intervention can be used by therapists and counselors to treat this group of patients.}, Keywords = {Addiction, Cognitive-behavioral intervention, Prevention of substance use recurrence, Mental disorder symptoms}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {273-292}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.273}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2064-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2064-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {basharpur, sajjad and rahbarighazani, nasri}, title = {The Relationships of Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Information Processing Styles to Clinical Symptoms in Drug-Dependent Individuals}, abstract ={Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the roles of sensory processing sensitivity and information processing styles in predicting clinical symptoms in drug-dependent individuals. Method: The current study was correlational-descriptive. The statistical population included all drug-dependent individuals referred to addiction treatment centers in Tabriz. Among them, 290 people were selected by cluster sampling. To collect the data, the highly sensitive person scale, the rational- experiential inventory, and the symptoms checklist-90-revised were used. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between sensory processing sensitivity components and pathological indicators such as general severity index, total positive symptoms, and positive symptoms discomfort index, but there was a significant negative relationship between the rational information processing style and the mentioned pathological indicators. There was no significant relationship between experiential information processing and pathological indicators. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that sensory processing sensitivity and rational information processing significantly predicted 38% of the variance of general severity index, 32% of total positive symptoms, and 22% of positive symptoms discomfort index. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that sensory processing sensitivity and information processing styles are among the pathological precedents of clinical symptoms in drug-dependent individuals.}, Keywords = {Sensory sensitivity, Sensory processing disorder, Information processing, Rational information processing, Experiential information processing}, volume = {14}, Number = {57}, pages = {293-309}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, doi = {10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.57.293}, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2371-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-2371-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2020} }