@article{ author = {Anari, and ShafieeTabar, and Pouretemad,}, title = {The Comparision of Social Anxiety Disorder and Shyness in Addicted and Non-Addicted Men}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare social anxiety disorder and shyness in addicted and non-addicted men. Method: The method of this study was causal-comparative research and the sampling done by purposive sampling. However, 30 men who were addicted to opium and were referred for the first time to Arak Behzisti self report center were selected. Then, 30 paired samples of non-addicted men who had not any addiction history in their life selected as a comparison group and Henderson/Zimbardo Shyness Questionnaire (2001) and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (1981) were administered in both groups. In SPSS software data was analyzed by running of independent samples t test. Results: the results showed that addicted men had reported higher scores in shyness and social phobia disorder in comparison to non-addicted men. Conclusion: With consideration of results it can be concluded that people with shyness and social anxiety disorder, use opium to reduce social anxiety and avoidance. Clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse should be considered.}, Keywords = {social anxiety disorder, social phobia, shyness, addicted, non addicted}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {7-20}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-357-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-357-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Raesian, Akram S and Golzari, Mahmood and Borjali, Ahm}, title = {Effectiveness of Hope Therapy on Reducing Depressive Symptoms and Preventing of Relapse in Cure-Seeker Women with Dependency to Narcotic Drugs}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of the present research was the investigation of the effectiveness of hope therapy on reduction of the degree of depression symptoms and prevention of relapse in cure-seeker women with dependency to narcotic drugs. Method: In semi-experimental research method 20 clients who diagnosed as substance abuse disorder that completed detoxification period successfully, and they were scored more than 14 in depression symptoms (Beck depression questionnaire, second edition) selected by available sampling and assigned to two experimental (n=10) and witness (n=10) groups randomly. Experimental group was trained for 8 sessions under training of hope therapy and witness group was not under any training. The experimental peple were evaluated by Snyder Hope scale and Beck depression questionnaire and morphine test before beginning of therapy. After it and after the completition of the two months follow-up period. For analyzing of data chi square test, Z test, and ANCOVA were applied. Results: The results showed that hope therapy education could create considerable reduction in degree of depression symptoms of women suffering from addiction. In addition, results of chi square test indicated significant difference between the number of relapsed women in experimental and witness groups. Conclusion: in general, results of this survey show that hope therapy education is effective in reduction of degree of depression symptoms and prediction of relapse in cure-seeker women suffering from addiction.}, Keywords = {hope therapy, depression, substance dependency, prevention of relapse}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {21-40}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-358-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Molazadeh,E, Rahim and Kafy, Mousa and Salehy, Eraj}, title = {The Comparison of Hardiness and Coping Styles with Psychological Stress in Addicted and Normal People}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness and coping styles with stress in addicted and normal people in the city of Rasht. Method: The method of this study was causal comparative research. In sampling one hundred addicts were selected by multistage cluster sampling and one hundred normal ones selected by available sampling, then the Kobasa personal views survey and Moos and Billings coping styles questionnaires were administered among both groups. The Pearson correlation coefficients, independent samples t-test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between the mean scores of hardiness and emotion focused coping style in addicted and normal people, but there was no significant difference on problem focused coping style. Regression analysis also showed that hardiness can be a significant predictor for emotion focused coping style. Conclusion: The findings of this research show the important role of some of the personality characteristics such as hardiness and coping styles with stress that may correlate with the tendency to addiction and substance abuse in people.}, Keywords = {psychological hardiness, coping styles, addicted people, normal people}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {41-57}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-359-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-359-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghorbany, Tahereh and MohamadKhany, Shahram and Saramy, Gholamrez}, title = {The Comparison of Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy Based on Coping Skills and Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Improvement of Emotional Regulation Strategies and Relapse Prevention}, abstract ={Purpose: This study compared the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy based on coping skills (CBT) and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in improvement of emotional regulation strategies and prevention of relapse. Method: The method of the present study was semi-experimental research design (pre-test-post-test with witness group). For sampling 45 substance abuse people who had referred to addiction treatment centers were selected and assigned to three groups of cognitive behavior therapy, methadone maintenance treatment and witness group randomly. The participants in all three groups completed the emotional intelligence questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by covariance method. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavior therapy in comparison to methadone maintenance therapy and witness group led to significant improvement of emotional regulation in substance abusers, but there was no significant difference between the methadone maintenance treatment group and control group. Also, the rate of relapse in individuals who assigned to cognitive-behavior therapy group in comparison to methadone maintenance therapy and the witness group was significantly lower, but there was no significant difference between methadone therapy and witness. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavior therapy was an effective treatment that can change the cognitive and behavioral variables related to substance abuse, such as emotional regulation strategies. Thus, results suggested that drug abuse treatment programs must target these mediator variables.}, Keywords = {substance abuse, cognitive-behavior therapy, methadone maintenance treatment, emotional regulation}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {59-74}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-360-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-360-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Saed, Omid and Yagobi, Hamid and Roshan, Rasoul and Soltani, Marzyeh}, title = {Comparison of Maladaptive Meta Cognition Beliefs among Substance Dependents and Non-Dependents}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of present research was the comparison of maladaptive meta cognition beliefs among substance abusers and non abusers. Methods: For this purpose 70 substance abusers and 70 individuals from the general population by purposive sampling participated in this research and responded to meta cognition questionnaire. For analysis data multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) and discriminant analysis were run. Results: MANOVA revealed that there was significant difference in linier combination of dependent variables (meta cognitive beliefs) among two groups also, analysis of dependent variables lonely showed that two groups were significantly different in Positive meta cognitive beliefs, "Negative meta cognitive beliefs", "lack of cognitive confidence", "need to control of thoughts", and "cognitive self-consciousness". Also, the discriminant analysis indicated that three meta-cognitive factors included “negative meta cognitive beliefs", "need to control of thoughts" and "cognitive self-consciousness" were significant predictors to discriminate substance abusers. Conclusion: With consideration of the results it can be concluded that substance abusers have more maladaptive beliefs and these maladaptive beliefs can lead to susceptibility toward substance abuse and staying in this disorder. It is hoped that psychotherapists can be more useful in treating and staying in this research.}, Keywords = {meta-cognitive beliefs, substance dependency disorder}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {75-90}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-361-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-361-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Khalili, Afsar and Sohrabi, Faramarz and Radmanesh, Mohammad hasan and Afkhami, Mahdi}, title = {The Effectiveness of Training Critical Thinking Skills on Students’ Attitude towards Substance Abuse}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of critical thinking training on Students, attitude towards substance abuse in high school students of Yazd city. Method: The research method was experimental design (with experimental and control group). The population of this research was the first grade of high school boy students of Yazd city. From all high school students in Yazd city, 40 students were selected by clustering random sampling, 20 students for each group, and attitude toward substance abuse questionnaire administered among selected sample for two times (pre-test and post-test). Critical thinking training, presented to students who assigned to experimental group for eight, 90 minutes sessions, every week one session. Also there were not presented any treatment to control group and they were waiting for training. After finishing of training, post test administered among both groups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Leven’s tests were used to determine the effectiveness of training intervention. Results: The results of this research showed that there is homogeneity of variance. Also, the Covariance test showed significant effect of critical thinking training. Conclusion: The results indicated that critical thinking training was effective for changing students’ attitude toward substance abuse.}, Keywords = {skill of critical thinking, attitude, attitude towards substance, substance abuse}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {91-106}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-362-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-362-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Aminpoor, Hasan and AhmadZadeh, Yasi}, title = {The Study and Comparison of Irrational Beliefs in Addicted and Normal People}, abstract ={Introduction: Irrational beliefs have some destructive and serious effects on individuals’ behavior at home, work environment, and in social environment also implicate emotional deep effects (depression, grief, self teasing, self reproaching, and contrition). The main aim of present study was the comparison of irrational beliefs in addicted and normal people. Method: the research method was causal comparative research and taking into account the subject importance and its role in individuals tendency toward addiction a sample of 120 persons (60 addicted people and 60 normal ones) was selected based on available samplingand similar in order of age and the Joens irrational beliefs questionnaire was administered among selected sample. In order to analyze data, independent samples t test, and ANOVA were run. Results: There was significant difference between the mean score of irrational beliefs with consideration of group (addicted and normal group), also, in addicted people there was significant difference between the mean score of irrational beliefs with consideration of education level, and economical status. Conclusion: The mean score of irrational beliefs in addicted people is more than normal ones. Taking into consideration that individuals can change their behaviors and feelings through changing their beliefs, so one must replace irrational beliefs with rational ones based on educational qualifications.}, Keywords = {irrational beliefs, addicted people, education, economical status}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {107-120}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-363-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-363-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2011} }