Showing 33 results for Self-Efficacy
Azar Kiamarsi, Abbas Abolghasemi,
Volume 5, Issue 20 (2-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the research was to determine relationship of coping sterategies, self-efficacy and sensation seeking with aptitude of substance use in the students. Method: The population of the study included students of Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch. The research sample consisted of 313 students who were studying in Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch. To collect the data Coping Sterategies scale, Sensation Seeking scale, Self-Efficacy inventory and Substance Use Aptitude scale were used. Data was analyzed using of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Findings: The result of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that self-efficacy, sensation seeking, emotin coping sterategies and problem solving coping sterategies related to aptitude substance use in students. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that self-efficacy, sensation seeking and coping sterategies explained 43 percent of variance of aptitude of substance use in students. Conclusion: The results indicated that self-efficacy, sensation seeking and coping sterategies are significant predictors in predicting of aptitude of substance use in adolescents. Clinicians can be used these results for prevention of substance abuse by training of effective coping strategies and promotion of self efficacy.
Hamid Kamarzarin, Hosin Zaree, Hosin Brouki, M,
Volume 6, Issue 22 (8-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on increasing of self efficacy and improving of addiction symptoms among drug dependency patients. Method: For this purpose, 90 substance abusers were selected of private addiction center, Central Prison and drop in center by using of random sampling, and they were divided into two experimental (45 subjects) and witness groups (45 subjects) randomly. The members of experimental group were under 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy by Carol method, and control group only have taken Methadone and other physical drugs. All participants at the beginning of research, during the study (after three months) and three months after treatment completed self-efficacy questionnaire and Maudsley addiction profile (Map) by a psychologist were assessed. The symptoms of addiction recovery and addiction treatment process. Results: Analysis of covariance indicated the treatment effectiveness and its maintenance on increasing of efficacy and reducing of the symptoms of Maudsley addiction profile. Conclusion: Cognitive behavior therapy is effective to increase self-efficacy and improve symptoms in substance abusers.
Farzeneh Ranjbar, N, Majid Alilo, M, Samerh Asadi, M, Yalda Ghodraty, S Mahsa Najar M,
Volume 7, Issue 25 (5-2013)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the coping strategies, perfectionism (positive and negative) and self-efficacy in individuals with substance use disorder and normal individuals. Method: In this casual-comparative study, 200 persons (100 individuals with substance use disorder and 100 normal individuals) were selected by cluster random sampling. The groups were matched with consideration of demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status and education) and they completed the Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies inventory (1984), Terry-Short perfectionism scale (1995) and Schwartz and Jerusalem general self-efficacy questionnaire (1981). Results: Findings of the study showed that the two groups had significant differences on subscales of coping strategies namely: avoidance, self-control, responsibility, avoidance-escape and problem solving. In addition, substance abuse group had also lower scores on the positive perfectionism in comparison of normal group. A significant difference on the level of self-efficacy was observed between the two groups, in this regard, self-efficacy in normal group was more than substance abuse group. Conclusion: The selection of improper coping style, unrealistic and excessive expectations about the abilities and low levels of self-efficacy are factors that can lead to more substance abuse and finally addiction.
Mahdi Purkord, Abbas Abolghasemi, Mohammad Narimani, Hasan Rezaee ,
Volume 7, Issue 26 (7-2013)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship of self-efficacy, impulsivity, behavioral activation-inhibition system (through of the effect on social skills) with substance abuse in high school students. Method: Population of present research was all of boy high schools in first and second grades of Ardabil city that 616 students selected of them randomly. Self-efficacy scale, impulsivity scale, behavioral activation-inhibition scale, Matson social skills and substance abuse were administered among selected sample. Results: Based on the resulting of Path analysis, self- efficacy, impulsivity, behavioral activation-inhibition and social skills variables directly and self-efficacy, impulsivity, behavioral activation variables indirectly related significantly to students’ substance abuse scores. Conclusion: The result are in keeping with findings of other studies, and indicated that high levels of impulsivity, and behavioral activation system, and low level of self-efficacy, behavioral inhibition and social skills increases substance abuse in students.
Samireh Dehghani F, Hamed Ghasemi, Saeedeh Safari, Ali Akbar Ebrahimi, Ozra Etemadi,
Volume 7, Issue 26 (7-2013)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of present research was to study of the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on enhancing of self-esteem and self-efficacy in addicted women who were under therapy. Method: The research method was semi experimental research design namely: pretest-posttest with witness group. The population consisted of all addicted women who were referred to Ayandeh Roshan recovery addiction camp of Isfahan city during summer in 1391. By available sampling, 30 women selected and divided randomly to two experimental and witness groups (N= 15, per group). Experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes based on group counseling sessions following motivational interviewing style. For gathering data, Cooper Smith’s self-esteem and general self-efficacy questionnaires administered among two groups. Results: The results indicated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing. Conclusion: It can be concluded that motivational interviewing has had enhancing effect on self-esteem and self-efficacy among experimental group.
Fatemeh Dehghan, Sayed Hamid Atashpour, Sayed Abbas Shafti,
Volume 8, Issue 31 (2-2015)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of personality factors and general self-efficacy with operative and strategic hope for treatment. Method: The number of 350 self-referred addicts to treatment centers in Isfahan City was chosen through random cluster sampling. Then, the three following questionnaires entitled personality traits of NEO, Sherer and Maddux’s General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Schneider Adult Hope Scale were administered to them. Results: The results showed that personality factors and general self-efficacy were correlated with hope for treatment. As well, dimensions of neuroticism and conscientiousness, and by far, self-efficacy had the predicative power of hope for treatment. Conclusion: Personality factors and general self-efficacy are useful for the estimate of operative and strategic hope for treatment in addicts.
Iran Jalali, Hassan Ahadi,
Volume 9, Issue 36 (3-2016)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of cognitive emotion regulation, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and social skills with substance abuse among students. Method: This study was a correlational one falling into the category of descriptive designs. A total of 400 senior high school students of Shiraz (first and second grades) in the academic year 2011-12 were selected by cluster sampling method as the participants of the study. These participants responded to the scales pertaining to cognitive-emotion regulation, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, social skills, and substance abuse list (researcher made). Results: The results showed that impulsiveness and low levels social skills play a significant role in predicting substance abuse. Conclusion: The results indicated that behavioral impulsiveness, low levels of self-efficacy, lack of cognitive emotion regulation, absence of thinking and planning in responsibilities, and low levels of social skills are effective in leading students to substance abuse.
Mohammad Akbaribooreng, Mohammadhasan Dalakeh, Reza Saberi, Bahman Yasbelaghi,
Volume 10, Issue 38 (9-2016)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of curriculums based on cognitive-behavioral therapy in the increase of self-efficacy and resilience among the addicts under methadone maintenance treatment. Method: For this purpose, 60 patients under methadone treatment whose records were available at the private addiction treatment center, named Zirkouh city and Zirkouh Tavakol addiction treatment center were selected using random sampling. Then, they were assigned to two groups, i.e. experimental group (30 patients) and control group (30 patients). The experimental group received 12 sessions of Carol's cognitive-behavioral therapy while the control group only received methadone. Self-efficacy and resilience scales were administered to both groups before and after the treatment. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy had a positive effect on self-efficacy in patients under methadone treatment (P < .05). In addition, the results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy had no significant effect on resiliency. Conclusion: The results of this research has clinical and applied implications.
Fatemeh Modaresifard, Alireza Maredpour,
Volume 10, Issue 39 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objective: The increasing tendency to drug use is one of the major social problems particularly because the age of drug users has reduced and it has been spread among youth. In this regard, many efforts have been made to investigate the relationship between substance abuse and personality-related constructs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of personality traits and coping strategies with drug abstinence self-efficacy in addicted youth at Marvdasht. Method: This research was a descriptive-correlation study and the addicts under treatment at 7 Addiction treatment centers of Marvdasht city constituted its statistical population. From among this population, 116 participants were chosen by convenience sampling and in a voluntary fashion. These participants were evaluated in terms of the research variables by means of NEO Personality Inventory, Drug Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale, and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that drug abstinence self-efficacy was negatively correlated with neuroticism (one of the dimensions of personality) and positively correlated with the dimension o resiliency. Problem-focused coping strategies are positively associated with the personality dimension o resiliency and emotion-focused coping strategies are negatively correlated with neuroticism dimension. In addition, drug abstinence self-efficacy has a positive relationship with problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusion: Different personality dimensions, different levels of self-efficacy, and choice of coping styles and model are among the effective factors in tendency or lack of tendency to drug use and addiction.
Abbas Abolghasemi, Sodeif Dadfar, Alireza Nabidoost,
Volume 10, Issue 39 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social problem-solving in self-control, self-efficacy and impulsivity in students with addiction potential. Method: An experimental research design with pretest-posttest control group was employed for the conduct of this study. For this purpose, 50 high school students with addiction potential were identified from Meshkinshar high schools through Addiction Potential Scale and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Self-control, self-efficacy, and impulsivity scales were completed by students before and after social problem-solving training. The experimental group received eight training sessions of social problem-solving and the control group received no intervention. Results: The results showed that social problem-solving training leads to the increase of self-control and self-efficacy and the reduction of impulsivity in students with addiction potential. Conclusion: These results suggest the effectiveness of social problem-solving training in psychological variables among the individuals with addiction potential. Therefore, it is recommended that this training be used to prevent addiction in schools.
Zahra Amirafzali, Mahmoud Shirazi,
Volume 10, Issue 39 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to examine the relationship of spiritual health and self-efficacy with addiction potential among addicts and non-addicts in Jiroft. Method: The method of the present study was correlational. The statistical population of this study included all male addicts who had referred to drug rehab centers and male non-addicts of Jiroft in 2015. From among the population, 136 addicts and 147 non-addicts were selected as the sample via simple random and convenience sampling methods, respectively. Results: The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that all the three variables of spiritual health (P<.04), self-efficacy (P<.001), and addiction potential (P<.03) could significantly discriminate the two groups from each other. Conclusion: Therefore, training spiritual health and religiosity as well as training self-efficacy to clients, especially to people with addiction potential can play a crucial role in decreasing their dependence on drugs in addition to conventional withdrawal methods.
F Jalilean Kaseb, A.r. Rashidi, M Hojat Khah,
Volume 10, Issue 40 (3-2017)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of psychological hardiness mediator in the relationship between religious orientation, self-concept and self-efficacy in predicting the tendency to have addiction Method: This study was a descriptive - correlational. The study sample was male students of Razi University undergraduate years 2014-2015. 358 undergraduates were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The data of Alport religious orientation, Scherrer self-efficacy , Beck self-concept and Ahvaz Hardiness Inventor and Addiction Potential(APS) were collected. In order to evaluate the model of structural equation modeling using SPSS-19 and AMOS-18 software was use. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between , self-efficacy, self-concept and inter-religious orientation through psychological hardiness with addiction tend to have a significant negative relationship. Conclusion:. Can be used with regard to the the influence of research variables With addiction tendencie The programs in the field of the prevention and treatment addiction.
J Hoseini, M Babamohammadi, H Noroozy,
Volume 11, Issue 43 (12-2017)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of pathological narcissism and self-control with drug abstinence self-efficacy in patients under the treatment of maintenance drugs. Method: The present study falls within the category of descriptive and correlation studies. A total of 356 patients under the treatment of maintenance drugs, such as methadone and buprenorphine were selected by random cluster sampling method from Addiction Treatment Clinics of Semnan city. These participants filled out Pincus et al.'s Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Grasmick, et al.'s self-control scale, and Bramson Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The results showed that there pathological narcissism and self-control have a significant positive relationship with drug abstinence self-efficacy. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that pathological narcissism and self-control predicted 20% of drug abstinence self-efficacy variance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of adjusted narcissism and high self-control can increase the amount of self-efficacy among people who have a history of drug abuse and placement under maintenance drugs. In the following of the treatment of these patients, the conduct of psychological intervention seems to be necessary.
Mandana Heydari, Jalal Dehghanizade,
Volume 11, Issue 44 (3-2018)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of selective exercises on self-efficacy, happiness, and mindfulness. Method: The current research method was quasi-experimental along with pretest/posttest and control group. From all the addicts in Yazd city, 50 addicts were randomly selected and divided into two 25-person groups (control group and experimental group). Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Inventory, and Mindfulness Questionnaire were used for data collection. The experimental group received selective exercises for 6 weeks and the control group did not receive any training or intervention. Analysis of covariance test (ANCOVA) was used to examine the influence of the exercise. Results: The results showed that the above-mentioned selective exercises had a significant effect on the promotion of self-efficacy, happiness, and mindfulness in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic exercises lead to the improvement of psychological functions in addicts. Hence the relevant institutions are recommended to include these exercises in their programs in order to improve mental functions in addicts.
Mehdi Morshed Behbahani, Davood Hayati,
Volume 11, Issue 44 (3-2018)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at examining the pattern of the causal relationship of diffused identity and self-efficacy with addiction potential via the mediating role of sense seeking in female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of the female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2016 and sampling was conducted by random cluster sampling method (300 participants). The following measures were used to evaluate the research variables: Berzonsky Identity Style Inventory-Sixth Grade (1989), Schwartzer & Jerusalem's Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (1979), Arnett's Sensation Seeking Scale (1994), and Weed & Butcher's Addiction Potential Scale (1989). The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis. Results: The results showed that the proposed model fits the data. In addition, all path coefficients among the variables in the whole sample were statistically significant. Moreover, the direct paths of diffused identity, self-efficacy, and sensation seeking towards addiction potential and sensation seeking were statistically significant. On the other hand, the results showed that the indirect relationship of diffused identity and self-efficacy with addiction potential were also significant through sensation seeking. Conclusion: The findings contain practical implications.
Abbasali Fattahi, Akram Dehghani,
Volume 12, Issue 48 (2-2019)
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group schema therapy in emotion regulation, self-efficacy, and temptation in male members of NA Association in Najafabad in the winter of 2016. Method: A quasi-experimental research design along with pre-test/ post-test/ follow-up/ control group was used for the accomplishment of this study. The research sample consisted of 40 men from NA Association in Najafabad city and its suburbs where they were selected via purposive sampling in accordance with the entry and exit criteria and were then randomly assigned to one experimental group and one control group. The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of group schema therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the program and was just placed on the waiting list. For data collection, three questionnaires, namely, Gratz and Roemer's Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (2004), Sherer's Self-efficacy Scale (1982), and Fadardi's Persian Post-Detoxification Craving Questionnaire (2008) were used. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of emotion regulation, self-efficacy, and temptation in post-test and follow up (P <0.05). Conclusion: Group schema therapy has useful practical implications in addiction treatment and relapse prevention.
S Abdi Zarrin, Mr H Mahdavi,
Volume 12, Issue 49 (3-2019)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in self-efficacy and resilience among the addicts presenting to addiction treatment camps in Behshahr city. Method: According to the purpose and nature of the research, the present study employed a quasi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test with a control group). The statistical population of the present study included all the addicts presenting to addiction treatment camps in Behshahr city in 2017. To this end, 30 participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The sample units were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group (n = 15). The data gathering tools in this research included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (2003) and Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (1982). The intervention included nine therapy sessions that were performed by a therapist. Each session lasted 90 minutes on a weekly basis. After the end of the therapy sessions, both groups were evaluated. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the linear composition of self-efficacy and resiliency scores. ETA squared also showed that 64% of the variance of the dependent variable is accounted for by the grouping variable (experimental and control groups). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, cognitive-behavioral therapy has led to an increase in the self-efficacy and resiliency among the addicts presenting to addiction treatment camps in Behshahr city.
Sanaz Eyni, Naghmeh Torabi, Matineh Ebadi, Ali Kermani,
Volume 14, Issue 56 (8-2020)
Abstract
Objective: Drug use is one of the most controversial issues affecting adolescents and the youth. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to predict the tendency to drug abuse based on academic alienation, negative academic emotions, and general self-efficacy in male students. Method: This study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the present study was all male senior high school students in Rasht in the academic year 2019-2020. Among them, 200 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. In this study, the Addiction Tendency Questionnaire (Weed et al., 1992), the Educational Alienation Questionnaire (Dillon & Grout, 1976), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwartzer and Jerusalem, 1979), and the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire (Pekrun et al., 2005) were used. Results: Tendency to drug abuse had positive and significant relationships with academic alienation and negative academic emotions, and negative and significant relationship with general self-efficacy in students. Academic alienation, negative academic emotions, and general self-efficacy predicted 62% of the variance of tendency to drug abuse in students. Conclusion: It can be stated that by measuring the three variables mentioned in this study, school principals can be aware of students' tendencies to use drugs and implement the necessary management and prevention programs.
Mehdi Nikdel, Saeed Bakhtiarpour, Farah Naderi, Parvin Ehteshamzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 57 (11-2020)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was modelling the relations of religiousness and family emotional climate to self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal with regard to the mediating role of the meaning of life in substance-dependent women. Method: The present study was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modelling type. The statistical population consisted of all substance-dependent women referring to addiction treatment centers in Ahvaz in 2019. Among them, 149 individuals were selected through convenience sampling method. Participants completed the quit addiction self-efficacy inventory, the religiousness scale, the family emotional climate questionnaire, and the meaning in life questionnaire. Results: The results showed that religiousness had significant direct effects on self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal, but family emotional climate did not have. Religiousness and family emotional climate were significantly related to the meaning of life. In turn, the meaning of life had a significant association with self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal. Also, the indirect effects of religiousness and family emotional climate on self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal through the mediating role of the meaning of life were significant. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that religiousness, family emotional climate, and the meaning of life are important variables that should be considered in treatment programs to quit addiction.
Marziyeh Safarzadeh, Ahmad Borjali, Mahdi Khanjani,
Volume 14, Issue 58 (1-2021)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop a structural model of substance use relapse based on important risk and protective factors of substance use (e.g., spiritual health, mindfulness, craving, and self-efficacy). Method: This study was a descriptive-correlational design of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the study included 700 opiate-dependent individuals who were under the abstinence-based treatment in Behbud Gostran Hamgam and Khaneh Dost Yaran Centers in Tehran. Among which, 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) were selected using convenience sampling method in 2019 and they responded to the five-factor mindfulness questionnaire, the spiritual well-being scale, the post-detoxification craving scale, the general self-efficacy scale, and the relapse prediction scale. Results: The results showed that the developed model had good fit. Also, among the variables of spiritual health and mindfulness, spiritual health had a significant direct effect on relapse to substance use. In addition, spiritual health and mindfulness had significant indirect effects on relapse to substance use through craving. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the importance of the effects of spiritual health and mindfulness on relapse to substance use. Accordingly, it is suggested that these important risk and protective variables be considered in educational programs to prevent relapse to substance use.
