Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Abuse of ergogenic  drugs, psychotropic substances and alcohol in athletes in Tehran province. Method: This is a descriptive survey study and participants includes all athletes with at least 6 months of experience in sports in Tehran province. Among these individuals, 806 self-report questionnaires, made by researcher and made without name (from 394 female and 412 male athletes) in 49 sports in Tehran province by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of ergogenic  drugs among these athletes was 17.12%. Also, 12.16% of the athletes in the sample group (16.504% of male athletes and 7.614% of female athletes) had experienced the use of at least one of the banned substances (drugs, psychotropic substances and alcohol). The prevalence of smoking was 9.68% (11.41% male athletes and 7.87% female athletes), the prevalence of drug use was 2.48% (3.88% male athletes and 1.02% female athletes), the prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 1.74% (2.91% male athletes, 0.51% female athletes) and the prevalence of alcohol consumption among athletes in Tehran province was 11.41% (15.29% male athletes and 7.36% female athletes). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that substance abuse among adolescent and young athletes in Tehran province is an undeniable fact and the development of educational and prevention programs in this regard is very necessary.