Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on self-concept, self-acceptance, and self-criticism in substance-dependent women. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. Twenty-eight substance-dependent women in Najafabad were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly placed into the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In the current study, the self-concept uestionnaire, the unconditional self-acceptance questionnaire, and the self-criticism scale were used. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurement. Results: The results showed that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention significantly increased the levels of self-concept and self-acceptance and significantly decreased self-criticism in the participants of the experimental group compared to the control group and these results remained stable during follow-up stage. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of mindfulness training, self-concept and self-acceptance can be improved and self-criticism can be reduced in substance-dependent women.