@article{ author = {Poor-seyedM, S Fatemeh and Mousavi, S vali ollah and Kafi, S Mos}, title = {Comparing and the Relationship between Stress and Craving Usage in Addicted to Opium and Industrial Substances}, abstract ={Aim: According to the importance of stressful and impellent factors in severity of craving and after that treating successes, this study had done with purpose of examining the relationship between these factors with craving experience in addicted men in six groups (smoking of opium, inhalation of Heroin, smoking of Heroin, injection of Heroin, smoking of methamphetamine, smoking of crack). Method: In this descriptive-sectional study, 195 addicted men had referred to cold turkey centers in Rasht, during 10 months of 1389-1390 selected by available sampling method in six groups. Stress evaluation questionnaire of Markham and the questionnaire of instant craving drug of Franken and also profited by imaginary indexes of computer tests for severity of craving administered among selected samples. Results: The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the stress and cue induction craving, and the stress and instant craving. Also, it proved that there is a significant difference between different users in degree of stress, and inductive craving, and instant craving. The average of stress scores, cue induction craving and instant craving in testing groups of methamphetamine users were more than other groups. Conclusion: According to findings of this survey, stress can be an important predicting factor for craving degree in addicted men so, attention of these aspects resulted in selecting an appropriate treatment of psychology for controlling of craving which is the most important factor leading to relapse in substance abuse.}, Keywords = {Stress, Drug Craving, Substance Dependence}, volume = {6}, Number = {24}, pages = {9-26}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-307-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kiani, Ahmadreza and Ghasemi, Nezamaldin and Pourabbas, Ali}, title = {The Comparsion of the Efficacy of Group Psychotherapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness on Craving and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Methamphetamine Addicts}, abstract ={Aim: Today, third wave therapies in psychotherapy shift their attention from challenging cognitions to awareness and acceptance of feelings, emotions, cognitions and behaviors. Therefore, this research aimed to compare of efficacy of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, with mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. Method: Research method was semi experimental research design with pre-post test and follow up. The population of research was included all of methamphetamine addicts in baharestan, Isfahan. Drug abusers was 34 participants that refered to addiction rehabilitation centers and selected by snowball sampling and finaly divided to 2groups by radomization (acceptance and commitment therapy group and mindfulness groups). Each groups recieved treatment in 12 sessions (At First 2 sessions per week and at last 1 session per week). Two groups assessed by craving test (Ekhtiary, 1387) and cognitive emotion regulation (garnefski et al, 2002), in pretest, post test and follow up. Results: The results showed that two treatment groups had significant effect on craving intensity in post test and follow up. In addition, there was no significant difference in comparing of the efficacy of these two treatments on cognitive emotion regulation and it means that both two traetments had same effect on cognitive emotion regulatin. Conclusion: we can say that acceptance and commitmet therapy and mindfulnesshave effect on reduction psychopathology from using amphetamines due to same theraputic factors.}, Keywords = {Acceptance and Commitmet Therapy, Mindful-Base Treatment, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Craving, Amphetamine}, volume = {6}, Number = {24}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-308-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rezaee, Ali Mohammad and Delavar, Ali and Najafi, Mahmoo}, title = {The Construction and Validation of Opium Attitude Questionnaire among Guidance and High School Students}, abstract ={Aim: The study was aimed to determine the validity and reliability of opium attitudes questionnaire. Method: 6108 of guidance school (3th grades) and high school students filled the opium attitude questionnaire in all of the country. The validity of questionnaire assessed by group discrimination and confirmatory factor analysis method. Results: the results of group discrimination showed that the questions can be discriminated of past and current opium addicts and normal groups. On the basis of factor analysis results 5 factors extracted. These factors with consideration of literature review and loaded items content named: interest to consume, attitude to dangers, attitude to physiological effects, attitude to psychic effects, attitude to social effects to opium. Reliability of subscales examined by Cronbakh’s alpha. The minimum measure of reliability was 0.77 and maximum was 0.86. Altogether, the validity and reliability of questionnaire were satisfied. Conclusion: On the basis of present research results, opium attitude questionnaire is appropriate for assessing of students’ attitude to opium among guidance and high school students.}, Keywords = {: Attitude, Opium, Psychometric Properties, Factorial Structure}, volume = {6}, Number = {24}, pages = {37-54}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-309-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-309-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ameli, Tayebe and Abolmaali, Khadijeh and Mirzaei, Beheshteh}, title = {The Comparison of Conflict Solving and Quality of Life of Opium and Stimulants Addicts}, abstract ={Aim: The aim of present research was to compare of conflict solving and quality of life of opium and stimulant addicts. Method: For this purpose, 74 opium addicts and 74 stimulant addicts selected of 3 clinics in 6 and 11 regions by clustering random sampling. Conflict solving questionnaire and quality of life administered among selected samples. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between the mean scores of opium and stimulant addicts on conflict solving and quality of life. That is except of positivism on all subscales of conflict solving (namely: space and position, understanding clearness, attention to needs versus desires, mutually power distribution, primary focus to future, and focus on learning of past, completion of practical steps, cautious consideration) there were significant differences between two groups. Also, on all subscales of quality of life (namely: physical functioning, physical limitation, affective limitation, energy and frisk, affective health, social performance, and general health) except of pain there were significant differences between two studied groups. Conclusion: It seemed that people who were addicted to opium used more appropriate methods on conflict solving in comparison to stimulants addicts also, they have better quality of life.}, Keywords = {Conflict Solving, Quality of Life, Opium, Stimulants}, volume = {6}, Number = {24}, pages = {55-68}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-310-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-310-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Lak, Zahra and Moazedian, Ameneh and HosseiniA, S Ali and Sedaghat, Masoumeh and Ameri, Samir}, title = {The Efficacy of the Training of Stress Management by Cognitive-Behavior Method on Addicts’ Anxiety of with Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, abstract ={Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral stress management on reduction of anxiety among addicts with GAD. Method: The design of the study is experimental with pretest -posttest and control group. The population of the study was all addicts with GAD in Tehran self-referred centers that scored the most points in GAD-7 test. 24 addicts were allocated into experimental group (N=12) and control group (N=12). The cognitive-behavioral stress management was demonstrated in 10 weekly sessions on the experimental group while there was no psychological treatment for the control group. DASS-21 questionnaire and GAD-7 questionnaire were completed by both groups before and after program. The data was analyzed using covariance. Results: There were no significant differences in anxiety between two groups before intervention. Results of this study demonstrated that cognitive –behavioral stress management led to significant decrease in anxiety in experimental group. Conclusion: Regarding to effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on anxiety, it may also be used as a supplement method decreasing generalized anxiety disorder among addicts.}, Keywords = {Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Anxiety, Addicts}, volume = {6}, Number = {24}, pages = {69-84}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-311-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-311-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Heydarnejad, Alireza and Bogheri,B, Abdolreza and Esonloo, Ali}, title = {The Comparative Study of the Rate of Social Capital among Addicted and non-Addicted Youth}, abstract ={Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the rate of social capital among addicted and non-addicted youth in Mashhad. Method: The samples included of 160 addicted and 160 non-addicted men selected by cluster random sampling. Both groups matched on age, and marital status. The social capital questionnaire designed by researcher administered among selected samples. Results: The results showed that social capital of young addicts was significantly lower than their counterparts. Also, results showed that the indicators of social capital, the idea of social participation, social trust, and social networks were significantly lower than their counterparts. Conclusion: With consideration of positive effects of social participation, social trust, social connection networks in addicted people, they should have appropriate conditions and headstock for tendency to involve to social events like developing of organizations, and voluntaries’ and non government societies should be more attended.}, Keywords = {Social Capital, Trust, Participation, Social Connections, Addicted Youth, non-Addicted Youth}, volume = {6}, Number = {24}, pages = {85-94}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-312-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mehri, Naderi and Esmaeili, Reza and RajabiR, Mahdyeh and Torkashvand, Mohamm}, title = {The Meta Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Prevention Programs of Students’ Attitude Change toward Substance Abuse in Iran}, abstract ={Aim: the aim of current study was the study of the effectiveness of prevention programs of students’ attitude change toward substance abuse and its effective factors. Method: for this purpose, the studies which related to evaluation of prevention program were gathered. For gathering of these researches related keywords were used and search was done in sites and universities dissertations. Finally, the researches which were conformed to the entrance criterions, were selected and considered information for testing of hypothesizes was extracted by reverse questionnaire which provided by authors. Of 20 selected studies proper statistics for calculation of effect size and other required information were recorded and analyzed by CMA2. Results: the findings showed that altogether, prevention programs of substance abuse were successful on students’ attitude change. The pooled effect size was significant. Because of the amount of pooled effect size was placed in range of 0.6-0.7, and then according to Cohen’s opinion is classified as moderate effect size. The results also, showed the variables as having of theoretical base, transactional approach in program presentation, the severity of program, the using of diversity educational strategies in presentation, the using of peer instructors were affected significantly on the effectiveness of programs. Conclusion: For attaining of more effective programs on students’ attitude change toward substance abuse these results should be considered.}, Keywords = {Substance Abuse, Effectiveness, Prevention Program, Attitude, Meta Analysis }, volume = {6}, Number = {23}, pages = {9-26}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-315-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Enayat, Javad and Javanmard, Gholamhosin and Mammagani, Jafar}, title = {The Comparison of Attention Biases to Opiates in Substance Dependent and Treated Clients of Therapeutic Clinics and Narcotics Anonymous Memberships}, abstract ={Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the attention bias about tempting incentives related to opium materials in treated, addicted and normal people. Duration of consumption and treating were also considered. Method: In this causal-comparative study population was all addicted people who were referred to the rehabilitation offices, addiction treatment clinic, rebirthing centers and Narcotics Anonymous of East Azerbaijan. This study consisted of five groups of men, including addicted to opium materials which are divided into two groups namely: long consumption period and people with short consumption period, also, treated people including long term treated and short term treated, and a normal control group. Altogether, 103 selected people were studied. Sample groups were similar in terms of age, education, and sex. For measuring attention bias towards tempting stimuli related opiates, a words recognition test was used. This test included three subtests and one recognition test. The recognition scores for the three categories of words were measured. Results: The findings indicated that there was a difference in attention against opium material incentives between control group and the mild and severe consumers groups. Also there were significant differences between treated people with the short time distance and control group, and control group had less temptation and biases in comparison to the other groups. Finally, those who have mild consumption are threatened more in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: The findings have applied implications.}, Keywords = {Substance Dependence, Attention Bias, Social Threat, Relapse}, volume = {6}, Number = {23}, pages = {27-37}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-316-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-316-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Mohsen and Najafi, Mahmood and HoseiniM, S Ali and Ashori, Alaleh}, title = {The Comparison of Defense Mechanism Styles and Personality Characteristics in Addicts and Healthy Individuals}, abstract ={Aim: The purpose of this study was to comprise of psychological defense mechanism styles and personality characteristics in addicts and healthy individuals. Method: In this causal-comparative study, 70 addicts person (with an average age of 37.29±9.81and the age range 23 to 58 years) were selected via accessible sampling method of clinics and Hamadan’s addicted self-representing center during the Autumn of 2011, The number of 70 relatives of these people that demographic variables were matched as possible with the comparison group were selected. Both groups were asked to respond to the defense mechanism style and Eysenk personality Questionnaires. Results: The result of this study showed that the scores mean of addicts were higher than healthy people on immature defense mechanism style, neourotism, and neurotic and extraversion personality characteristics and lower than in mature defense style variables. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study there was a significant difference between addict individuals and healthy people in defense mechanism and personality characteristics.}, Keywords = {Defense Mechanism, Personality Characteristics, Addiction}, volume = {6}, Number = {23}, pages = {39-51}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-317-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-317-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Nezamaldin and Kiani, Ahmadreza and Zerehposh, Asghar and Rabiei, Mahdi and Vakili, Najmeh}, title = {The Study of the Differences of Attention Bias, Executive Functioning, and Reaction Time of Amphetamine Consumers in Comparison of Non Consumers}, abstract ={Aim: Addiction to opium can be resulted to different effects. Current research designed in order to comprise if neuro-psychological functions among Amphetamine consumers and normal people. Method: Research design was causal-comparative design which performed in consumers and normal people. Research population was all opium consumers of Bahar city. Addict group included of 33 Amphetamine consumers who were referred to Baharestan addiction withdrawal center by snowball sampling. The comparison group included 39 normal people that matched with addict group with consideration of age, sex, education. All samples were studied by technical management of center and by using of perceptual diagnostic tests. Wisconsin cards, reaction time tests (simple, diagnostic, and selective) and attention bias (Stroop) was used. Results: the results of the research indicated that Amphetamine consumers were significantly different with normal people in consideration of error number, but there wasn’t significant difference on error in Wisconsin test. In reaction time Amphetamine consumers had least reaction time and highest number of errors, in three states. In simple trial there weren’t significant difference, but two groups were significant different in selective and diagnostic trial on time and number of errors. Also, there wasn’t significant difference on attention bias with consideration of error, but there was significant difference with consideration of time. Conclusion: on the basis of results it can be claimed Amphetamine consumption can be affected on neuro-cognitive functions. Identifying and understanding of these factors can be useful in better understanding of problem, and can be led to different therapeutic treatment.}, Keywords = {Attention Bias, Executive Functions, Reaction Time, Amphetamine}, volume = {6}, Number = {23}, pages = {53-64}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-318-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-318-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mardani, Hamid and Sheikhi, Aliakbar and Kavosian, Jav}, title = {The Prevalence of Substance Use among Bandar Abas Azad Islamic University Students}, abstract ={Aim: Substance abuse is one of the most important problem and disease in current century that produced wide worry in the entire world. The solving of addiction among young and educated population is more important issue. The current research was aimed the study of the prevalence rate of the substance use (included: opium, alcohol, cigarette, Hubble bubble) among Bandar Abas azad Islamic university students. Method: In this cross sectional study 310 university students were selected by stratified random sampling. For gathering data the prevalence substance use questionnaire was used. Results: The findings showed the start age was 22-25 years old. Also, prevalence rate of cigarette, Hubble bubble, opium, and alcohol were higher in boy students in comparison of girl students. The rate of difference was significant by run of chi square analysis. Conclusion: Sex, the history of substance use in family member, and friends were risk factors of substance use.}, Keywords = {Substance Use, University Students, Prevalence, Bandar Abas}, volume = {6}, Number = {23}, pages = {65-82}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-319-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-319-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Narimani, Mohammad and Soleimani, Esmaeel and KordA, Fereshteh}, title = {Comparing of the Reaction Time in Substance-Dependent and Non-Dependent Individuals}, abstract ={Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the simple, selective, and discrimination reaction time in substance-dependent and non-dependent individuals. Method: In this causal-comparative study, the population included of 425 males (opium and crystal dependents) who were referred to addiction rehabilitation centers in Tabriz. By random sampling, 16 opium dependents, 16 crystal dependents, and 16 non-dependent individuals with no history of dependency as the compare group were selected. All groups peered in age, and marital status. For gathering data, “Addicts Admit Questionnaire” and laboratory device known as the "Reaction Time Assay" have been used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are significant differences among all groups in simple reaction time, choice reaction time and reaction time to auditory stimuli, but no significant difference in discrimination reaction time and reaction time to visual stimulus observed. Conclusion: The reaction time of substance-dependent groups is slower than non-dependent groups.}, Keywords = {Reaction Time, Dependency, Opium, Crystal}, volume = {6}, Number = {23}, pages = {83-95}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-320-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-320-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Narimani, Mohammad and Pouresmali, Asghar}, title = {The Comparison of Alexithymia and Spiritual Intelligence in Addicts, Addicts under Methadone Treatment, and Non-Addicts}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to compare of the rate of alexithymia and spiritual intelligence in addicts, addicts under Methadone Treatment, and non-Addicts. Method: A causal-comparative research design was used. The study sample included 30 individuals under Methadone Treatment, 30 drug-dependent Addicted, and 30 non-addicted individuals selected by convenience sampling procedure. Toronto alexithymia scale and King's spiritual intelligence self-report inventory were administered among selected sample. Results: Findings revealed significant differences among addicted individuals and non-addicted adults also among individuals under methadone treatment and non-addicted adults in total alexithymia scores as well as on all three subscale scores. Furthermore, addicted individuals differed from those under methadone treatment in their scores on the subscale pertaining to difficulty in identifying feelings. Results also indicated differences among addicted individuals and those under methadone treatment in total spiritual intelligence and its four component scale scores, while addicted individuals differed from non-addicted individuals in total spiritual intelligence scores and only three of its component scale scores (personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion). Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate the advantages of the ability to control, emotional regulation and spiritual intelligence as a defense against addiction. By development of these characteristics addicts can be helped to gain relief from their addiction.}, Keywords = {Alexithymia, Spiritual Intelligence, Addiction }, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {7-22}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-321-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-321-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, Taherh and Mohammadkhni, Sharam and Sarami, Gholamrez}, title = {The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavior Therapy and Methadone Maintenance Therapy on Changing Beliefs Related to Substance and Relapse Prevention}, abstract ={Introduction: This study was aimed to compare of the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy and methadone maintenance therapy on changing beliefs toward substance abuse among addicted people. Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with witness group. 30 addicted people who were referred to the addiction treatment centers selected by available sampling, and they randomly assigned to three groups namely: cognitive-behavioral therapy, methadone maintenance therapy and witness groups. Substance abuse beliefs questionnaire was administered among all participants before and after intervention. Results: Results showed that in both experimental groups, beliefs toward drug was reduced significantly in comparison with witness group. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be changed on cognitive mediator variables, like beliefs toward substance therefore, it can reduce the risk of relapse. However, the programs of treatment of substance abuse should be targeted this type of intermediate variables.}, Keywords = {Substance Abuse, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Drug Beliefs}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {23-38}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-322-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-322-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Kianipour, Omar and Pouzad, Akram}, title = {The Study of the Role of Contributor Factors in Addiction Withdrawal}, abstract ={Introduction: The present paper investigated the factors contributing to addiction withdrawal so as to it would be possible to set preventive and rehabilitative programs for addicts. Method: The study was ex-post facto and causal-comparative one. Population included all addicts referred to addiction withdrawal centers of Kahnouj city and the sample was selected of addicts of Yaran addiction withdrawal Center by voluntary sampling. Bar-on emotional intelligence inventory, family boundary questionnaire and demographic information were administered among selected sample. Results: The results showed that normal family boundaries, higher emotional intelligence and opium use in comparison of crack and crystal glass are effective on addiction withdrawal. But disengaged family boundaries, crack and crystal glass use can be led to addiction recursion. Age, addiction duration, marital status, and education level are not effective on addiction withdrawal. Conclusion: Altogether, the results represented the role and importance of variables namely: family, emotional intelligence, and the kind of used material in addiction withdrawal.}, Keywords = {Addiction Withdrawal, Family Boundary, Emotional Intelligence}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {39-54}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-323-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-323-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Efati, Marzeh and KafiMasole, Mousa and Delazar, Robabeh}, title = {The Study of Mental Health and its Relationship with Quality of Life in Substance Dependents}, abstract ={Introduction: Substance dependents encounter with many problems which cause confusion in their quality of life. Method: This survey is a descriptive-analytical study. In this survey 150 persons of substance dependents who refer to addiction recovery centers at Rasht were selected by available sampling method. Information was collected via mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and quality of life questionnaire of World Health Organization. Results: Findings showed a significant relation between quality of life and mental health of substance dependents. Also results of simultaneous regression showed that many components of quality of life were correlated to mental health components. Mental health domain of quality of life showed significant correlation with 3 domains namely: anxiety, social dysfunction and depression. Also physical health domain of quality of life showed significant correlation with somatization domain of mental health. Conclusion: It could be possible to increase mental health of substance dependents by improving of quality of life, in accordance to survey findings.}, Keywords = {Mental Health, Quality of Life, Substance Dependents}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {55-64}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-324-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-324-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Golpayegani, Fahimeh and Khademi, Molouk}, title = {The Relationship between Commitment to School, Attitude toward Narcotics, and Drug Abuse among Students}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of current research was the study of relationship between commitment to school, attitude toward narcotics, and drug abuse among high school third grade students. Method: The research method was correlational design. 200 males and females students in grade three of high school were selected randomly by use of cluster sampling method in the educational year of 1389-90. Three questionnaires namely: hazardous behaviors, attitude toward narcotics, and commitment to school were administered among selected sample. Results: The results showed that positive attitudes toward narcotics and lack of commitment to school were correlated to students’ drug abuse positively. Conclusion: Designing student-centered programs in order to change in students' knowledge and attitudes must be taken into account by program-designers for preventing of drug abuse.}, Keywords = {Commitment to School, Attitude, Narcotics, Students }, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {65-74}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-325-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-325-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Kamarzarin, Hamid and Zaree, Hosin and Brouki,M, Hosi}, title = {The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Increasing of Self-Efficacy and Improving of Addiction Symptoms among Drug Dependency Patients}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on increasing of self efficacy and improving of addiction symptoms among drug dependency patients. Method: For this purpose, 90 substance abusers were selected of private addiction center, Central Prison and drop in center by using of random sampling, and they were divided into two experimental (45 subjects) and witness groups (45 subjects) randomly. The members of experimental group were under 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy by Carol method, and control group only have taken Methadone and other physical drugs. All participants at the beginning of research, during the study (after three months) and three months after treatment completed self-efficacy questionnaire and Maudsley addiction profile (Map) by a psychologist were assessed. The symptoms of addiction recovery and addiction treatment process. Results: Analysis of covariance indicated the treatment effectiveness and its maintenance on increasing of efficacy and reducing of the symptoms of Maudsley addiction profile. Conclusion: Cognitive behavior therapy is effective to increase self-efficacy and improve symptoms in substance abusers.}, Keywords = {Drug-Dependent Patients, Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {75-85}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-326-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-326-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Narimani, Mohammad and Rajabi, Sor}, title = {The Effect of EEG Biofeedback on the Reduction of Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Craving Beliefs in Individuals with Substance Abuse Disorder}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study is the investigation of EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) on the reduction of depression, anxiety, stress and craving beliefs of individuals with substance abuse disorder. Method: Thirty-four males diagnosed as having substance abuse disorder (morphine addicted) were randomly assigned to experimental (N=16) and control (N=18) groups. The study used the pretest–posttest experimental and control group design. Subjects were assessed prior and subsequent to the training process on two tests of Craving Beliefs Questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. In this research, the analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Findings: The results revealed that after twenty sessions of neurofeedback, a significant and clear improvement in anxiety, depression, and craving beliefs was observed, but, no significant deference between groups in stress observed. Conclusion: This study suggests that individuals with substance abuse disorder can learn to improve their anxiety, depression, and craving beliefs.}, Keywords = {EEG biofeedback, depression, stress, anxiety, substance use disorder }, volume = {6}, Number = {21}, pages = {7-18}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-329-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Nejati, Vahid and Shiri, Esmaeel and Nuri, Zhaleh}, title = {Comparison of Emotion Recognition and Mind Reading Abilities in Opium Abusers and Healthy Matched Individuals}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare the emotion recognition and mind reading in opium abusers and healthy individuals. Method: In this causative-comparative study, with a non probability sampling method, 30 opium abusers compared with 30 healthy individuals that were matched in sex and education. Neurocognitive tests of reading mind from eyes and emotion recognition from face were used for evaluation. Independent T-Test was used for analysis. Findings: The results showed that opium abusers had significantly lower abilities in mind reading than healthy matched individuals. Also opium abusers had significantly lower performance in recognition of emotional experience of happy, sad and angry faces. Conclusion: Based on weak performance of mind reading and emotion recognition in addicts, it is advised that social cognition evaluation considered in drug abusers evaluation. Future interventional study could propose social cognition rehabilitation programs for addicts.}, Keywords = {mind reading, emotion recognition, opium abusers}, volume = {6}, Number = {21}, pages = {19-30}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-330-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {aghababaei, aziz allah and jalali, daruosh and saeedzadeh, hamid reza and bagheri, sohayl}, title = {Comparing Efficacy of Four Preventive Methods on Attitude of Drug Substance Abuse and Self–Esteem in Students Supported by Emdad Committee}, abstract ={Introduction: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of four drug substance abuse preventive methods: cognitive–behavioral social traioning, life skills training, poster presentation and short message system on attitude change and enhancement self-esteem in students supported by Emdad Committee. Method:This was a quasi experimental study. 150 students were selected and randomly assigned to the four experimental and control groups. The groups were completed attitude of drug substance abuse and self-esteem inventories. Experimental groups received: group 1 received 10 sessions of group cognitive-behavioral social training 120 minutes each, group 2, 10 sessions of life skills training, 120 minutes each, group 3 for 10 weeks into presented of 40 posters and group 4 short message service for 10 weeks. Findings: The results revealed that preventive techniques were effected on attitude and self–esteem. Also results of post-hoc (LSD) test revealed that preventive techniques with difference effectiveness were effected on change attitude of substance abuse. Also cognitive–behavioral social training and life skills training techniques were effected on self esteem. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that all the four techniques were effective in the generation negative attitude into drug abuse, otherwise only cognitive–behavioral social training and life skills training enhancement on self esteem.}, Keywords = {substance abuse, prevention, attitude, self–esteem }, volume = {6}, Number = {21}, pages = {31-46}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-331-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-331-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {HosseiniAlmadani, S Ali and Ahadi, Hasan and Karimi, Yosef and Bahrami, Hadi and Moazedian, Ameneh}, title = {The Comparison of Resiliency, Identity Styles, Spirituality and Perceived Social Support in Addicts, Non-Addicts, and Recovered Addicts}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study was comparing of resiliency, identity styles, spirituality, and perceived social support in addicts, non-addicts, and recovered addicts. Method: In this causal-comparative study, by available sampling, 30 addicts, 30 non-addicts, and 30 recovered addicts were selected of adolescents. All participants completed the resiliency, identity styles, spirituality, and perceived social support questionnaires. Results: The results of comparing of identity styles indicated that on informational and normative styles, non-addicts had significantly higher scores than addicts and recovered addicts. On avoidant/disoriented style, non addicts had significantly lower levels than two other addict groups. The results of comparing of resiliency showed that non-addicts had significantly higher scores than two other groups. Also recovered addicts were significantly more resilient than addicts. In comparing of spirituality component, non addicts and recovered addicts had significantly higher scores than addicts. By Comparing of perceived social support, non-addicts and recovered addicts had significantly higher levels than addicts. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, participating in NA groups and perception of social support increased the resiliency of recovered addicts. Also, identity is relatively consistent component that by participating in treatment process, does not change significantly.}, Keywords = {: resiliency, identity, spirituality, social support}, volume = {6}, Number = {21}, pages = {47-64}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-332-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mazloom, Raham and Hajizadeh, Sohrab and Semnanian, Saeed and Pourkhalili, Khalil and Bayat, Gholamreza and Alavian, Firozeh and Safari, Fatemeh}, title = {The Effects of Preconditioning with Normobaric Hyperoxia on Tissue Damage, Mechanical Performance and Arrhythmias Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Isolated Heart of Morphine Dependent Rat}, abstract ={Introduction: Hyperoxia is an easy access preconditioner which attracts the researcher to use it in the clinic. Drug dependence is a widespread prevalence among different societies and one of the confounding factors in many diseases. Among different drugs, morphine dependence has shown preconditioning effects. According to both widespread phenomenon of drug addiction and use of hyperoxia in the clinic, there is a high probability of interaction between these two preconditioner factors on the ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Therefore, in this study, interaction of these two preconditioners on the ischemia-reperfusion injuries has been investigated. Method: Each containing ten rats, hearts were isolated in langendorff setup and after local ischemia, release of creatine phosphokinase (as a tissue damage index) and rate pressure product (as a mechanical function index) were measured. Furthermore, episode numbers of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (as arrhythmias indices) during ischemia and reperfusion period were studied separately. Results: normobaric hyperoxia in isolated morphine dependent rat hearts decreased creatine phosphokinase and increased mechanical function during reperfusion period. However, there was no significant difference in arrhythmias toward each of these preconditioners alone. Conclusion: preconditioning with normobaric hyperoxia in isolated morphine dependent rat heart induced reduction of tissue damage and improved cardiac function.}, Keywords = {preconditioning, ischemia-reperfusion, normobaric hyperoxia, morphine dependence}, volume = {6}, Number = {21}, pages = {65-80}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-333-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-333-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Zarebahramabadi, Medi and Mohamadyfar, Mohammad ali and Erfani, Nasroollah and Mashayekhipour, Moustaf}, title = {The Comparsion of the Effectiveness of Self-Acceptence Group Therapy By Draydan Method and NA Training on Addicts’ Mental Health Components}, abstract ={Introduction: This research aimed at the effectiveness of self-acceptance group therapy by Dryden method in comparison with NA on the components of addicts’ mental health. Method: The method of this Semi-experimental research was comparison between unmatched groups. The population consisted of addicted pepole who attended to rehabilitative addiction institutes in Hamedan city in 1389-90. In self-acceptance group section, 27 people were selected as voluntary sample and were affected on self-acceptance group therapy by Dryden method for ten sessions weekly. In NA group section also 37 people were selected as sample group voluntary and participated in weekly sessions for six month. General Health Questionnaire (28 items) was administered among selected sample. Results: The results showed that self-acceptance group therapy had positive effect on depression, anxiety and addicts’ general health. Also, NA group had positive effect on physical symptoms, depression, anxiety and addicts’ general health. Other results showed that the range of NA effect on addicted depression was more effective than self-acceptance group therapy. Conclusion: Participate in NA training and self-acceptance group therapy increase mental health in addicts.}, Keywords = {NA training, mental mealth, self-acceptance group therapy, addict}, volume = {6}, Number = {21}, pages = {81-99}, publisher = {Drug Control Headquarters, Research & Education Office }, url = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-334-en.html}, eprint = {http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-334-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction}, issn = {2008-4307}, eissn = {2423-6535}, year = {2012} }