Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of pathological narcissism and self-control with drug abstinence self-efficacy in patients under the treatment of maintenance drugs. Method: The present study falls within the category of descriptive and correlation studies. A total of 356 patients under the treatment of maintenance drugs, such as methadone and buprenorphine were selected by random cluster sampling method from Addiction Treatment Clinics of Semnan city. These participants filled out Pincus et al.'s Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Grasmick, et al.'s self-control scale, and Bramson Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The results showed that there pathological narcissism and self-control have a significant positive relationship with drug abstinence self-efficacy. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that pathological narcissism and self-control predicted 20% of drug abstinence self-efficacy variance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of adjusted narcissism and high self-control can increase the amount of self-efficacy among people who have a history of drug abuse and placement under maintenance drugs. In the following of the treatment of these patients, the conduct of psychological intervention seems to be necessary.